{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T15:38:49Z","timestamp":1785425929191,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775779200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":99,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1368980026102535_as1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the association between household food insecurity (HFI) and low subjective well-being (SWB) among pregnant and postpartum women and determine whether these potential associations differed by maternal age and pregnancy status.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1368980026102535_as2\">\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a secondary analysis of nationally representative cross-sectional data from women of reproductive age (15\u201349 years). HFI was measured using the Food Insecurity Experience Scale and categorised as none\/mild, moderate or severe. Weighted multilevel logistic regression models were used to estimate OR and 95 % CI for the association between HFI and low levels of three SWB measures: happiness, life satisfaction and optimism. Analyses were stratified by age and pregnancy status.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1368980026102535_as3\">\n                    <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were drawn from the 2021 Nigeria Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey, Round 6.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1368980026102535_as4\">\n                    <jats:title>Participants:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The analytic sample comprised 12 587 women who were pregnant at the time of the survey or within 24 months postpartum.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1368980026102535_as5\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HFI was significantly associated with all three measures of SWB, although the magnitude of associations varied by outcome, even after adjusting for individual-, household-and community-level characteristics. Stratified analyses revealed heterogeneity in the associations between HFI and SWB by age and pregnancy status. Overall, HFI was associated with lower levels of happiness, life satisfaction and optimism among pregnant and postpartum women in Nigeria.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1368980026102535_as6\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings demonstrate a negative association between HFI and SWB among pregnant and postpartum women in Nigeria. These associations were modified by maternal age and pregnancy status, suggesting that strategies to mitigate HFI should account for subgroup differences in order to effectively improve maternal well-being.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1368980026102535","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T03:45:22Z","timestamp":1775792722000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Food insecurity status and perceived subjective well-being by maternal age and pregnancy status among women in Nigeria: a cross-sectional multilevel analysis"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9899-9013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Otobo I.","family":"Ujah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/040y0yf78","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Federal University of Health Sciences, Otukpo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olamide","family":"Asifat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia Southern University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teniola","family":"Akinosho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of New Haven"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Innocent A.O.","family":"Ujah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Health Sciences Otukpo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russell","family":"Kirby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of South Florida College of Public Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1368980026102535_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJHD.2019.103377"},{"key":"S1368980026102535_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19320248.2025.2458291"},{"key":"S1368980026102535_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0027448"},{"key":"S1368980026102535_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2020.01.010"},{"key":"S1368980026102535_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.27.1.72"},{"key":"S1368980026102535_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12997"},{"key":"S1368980026102535_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.116.243642"},{"key":"S1368980026102535_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4060\/cd1254en"},{"key":"S1368980026102535_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.7336"},{"key":"S1368980026102535_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980022000714"},{"key":"S1368980026102535_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxaf001"},{"key":"S1368980026102535_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-6405.12368"},{"key":"S1368980026102535_ref27","unstructured":"27. 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Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e95"}}