{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T07:02:37Z","timestamp":1789714957800,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":216,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n Exposure to food advertising is associated with consumption. Globally, most outdoor food advertisements feature unhealthy foods or beverages. As Australian local government areas (LGAs) begin developing restriction policies, the feasibility of applying nutrient-based nutrition classification systems to outdoor advertising requires evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design:<\/jats:title>\n Observational study on (1) types of food business advertisements outdoors and (2) availability of quantitative nutrition and\/or ingredient information for featured products. 178 outdoor advertisements were analysed, from a 500m audit around schools in sixteen stratified LGAs (2019), along with bus shelter audits in four LGAs (2022). Advertisements were categorised as featuring \u2018branded packaged products\u2019, \u2018food service product \u2013 chain\u2019, \u2018food service product \u2013 independent\u2019, \u2018branding only\u2019 or \u2018incidental food\/beverage\u2019. For packaged or food service advertisements, online searches were conducted to identify product-specific nutrition information.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Setting:<\/jats:title>\n Metropolitan Perth, Australia.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n Advertisements featured packaged products (34\u00a0% of advertisements), food service products \u2013 chain (21\u00a0%), independent (16\u00a0%), incidental food\/beverage (18\u00a0%) and branding only (11\u00a0%). Nutrition information was located for 70\u00a0% of packaged products and 68\u00a0% of chain food service advertisements. Independent food service outlets provided no nutrition data and rarely depicted identifiable products. Overall, nutrition information was available for 45\u00a0% of advertisements and ingredient information for 35\u00a0%.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n The limited availability of quantitative data constrains the application of nutrient-based nutrition classification systems. A system based primarily on food categories, with nutrient limits for some categories and a robust approach to brand advertising, likely offers a practical and impactful approach for LGAs seeking to restrict unhealthy outdoor food advertising.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1368980026103322","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T09:30:43Z","timestamp":1785922243000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Restricting outdoor advertising of unhealthy food: feasibility of using a nutrition classification system in Australia"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0262-4135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire E.","family":"Pulker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05jhnwe22","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Edith Cowan University"},{"name":"Curtin University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frith","family":"Klug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05jhnwe22","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Edith Cowan University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgina S.A.","family":"Trapp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05jhnwe22","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Edith Cowan University"},{"name":"The Kids Research Institute"},{"name":"The University of Western Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ainslie","family":"Sartori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Council Western Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"McIntosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05jhnwe22","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Edith Cowan University"},{"name":"Cancer Council Western Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexia","family":"Bivoltsis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05jhnwe22","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Edith Cowan University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catrina","family":"McStay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05jhnwe22","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Edith Cowan University"},{"name":"Curtin University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1991-2432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clare","family":"Whitton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05jhnwe22","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Edith Cowan University"},{"name":"Curtin University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"container-title":["Public Health Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1368980026103322","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T06:16:39Z","timestamp":1789712199000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1368980026103322\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"alternative-id":["S1368980026103322"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1368980026103322","relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-9800","1475-2727"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-9800","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2727","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2026. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e190"}}