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This work proposes a methodology for <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> characterization of salivary calculi in the pretherapeutic context. Sialoliths were characterized in detail by X-ray computed microtomography (<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>CT) in combination with atomic emission spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Correlative analysis of the same specimens was performed by <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic> helical computed tomography (HCT) and <jats:italic>ex vivo \u03bc<\/jats:italic>CT. The mineral matter in the sialoliths consisted essentially of apatite (89 vol%) and whitlockite (11 vol%) with average density of 1.8 g\/cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>. In hydrated conditions, the mineral mass prevailed with 53 \u00b1 13 wt%, whereas the organic matter, with a density of 1.2 g\/cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>, occupied 65 \u00b1 10% of the sialoliths\u2019 volume. A quantitative relation between sialoliths mineral density and X-ray attenuation is proposed for both HCT and <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>CT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1431927618016124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,4]],"date-time":"2019-02-04T10:07:30Z","timestamp":1549274850000},"page":"151-163","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Mineralization of Sialoliths Investigated by <i>Ex Vivo<\/i> and <i>In Vivo<\/i> X-ray Computed Tomography"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Pedro","family":"Nolasco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulo V.","family":"Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David F.","family":"Angelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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