{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T02:20:43Z","timestamp":1789870843548,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The pharmacological concept that inhibition of the drug efflux pump P-glycoprotein (P-gp) enhances brain distribution of the antidepressant imipramine in the rat has recently been demonstrated. To determine if these findings are relevant to humans, the present study investigated if imipramine is a transported substrate of human P-gp. Furthermore, additional experiments were carried out to determine if findings in relation to imipramine and human P-gp would apply to other antidepressants from a range of different classes. To this end, bidirectional transport experiments were carried out in the ABCB1-transfected MDCKII-MDR1 cell line. Transported substrates of human P-gp are subjected to net efflux in this system, exhibiting a transport ratio (TR) \u2a7e 1.5, and directional efflux is attenuated by co-incubation of a P-gp inhibitor. Imipramine was identified as a transported substrate of human P-gp (TR = 1.68, attenuated by P-gp inhibition). However, the antidepressants amitriptyline, duloxetine, fluoxetine and mirtazapine were not transported substrates of human P-gp (TR \u2a7d 1.16 in all cases). These results offer insight into the role of P-gp in the distribution of antidepressants, revealing that rodent findings pertaining to imipramine may translate to humans. Moreover, the present results highlight that other antidepressants may not be transported substrates of human P-gp.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1461145713000692","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,9]],"date-time":"2013-08-09T09:03:17Z","timestamp":1376038997000},"page":"2259-2272","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Human P-glycoprotein differentially affects antidepressant drug transport: relevance to blood\u2013brain barrier permeability"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Fionn E.","family":"O'Brien","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland"},{"name":"Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerard","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy G.","family":"Dinan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John F.","family":"Cryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brendan T.","family":"Griffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019101113490390300_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1718","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1168750","article-title":"Structure of P-glycoprotein reveals a molecular basis for poly-specific drug binding","volume":"323","author":"Aller","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2019101113490390300_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.1208\/aapsj080101","article-title":"Current industrial practices of assessing permeability and P-glycoprotein interaction","volume":"8","author":"Balimane","year":"2006","journal-title":"AAPS J"},{"key":"2019101113490390300_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2006.07.038","article-title":"Differences in the transport of the antiepileptic drugs phenytoin, levetiracetam and carbamazepine by human and mouse P-glycoprotein","volume":"52","author":"Baltes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"2019101113490390300_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.111.043083","article-title":"Species comparison of in vivo P-glycoprotein-mediated brain efflux using mdr1a-deficient rats and mice","volume":"40","author":"Bundgaard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"key":"2019101113490390300_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.1008","article-title":"Verapamil in treatment resistant depression: a role for the P-glycoprotein transporter?","volume":"24","author":"Clarke","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"2019101113490390300_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1021\/mp300555n","article-title":"Integration of in silico and in vitro tools for scaffold optimization during drug discovery: predicting P-glycoprotein efflux","volume":"10","author":"Desai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Pharm"},{"key":"2019101113490390300_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.104.001230","article-title":"The impact of P-glycoprotein on the disposition of drugs targeted for indications of the central nervous system: evaluation using the MDR1A\/1B knockout mouse model","volume":"33","author":"Doran","year":"2005","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"key":"2019101113490390300_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.667","article-title":"Influence of P-glycoprotein inhibition on the distribution of the tricyclic antidepressant nortriptyline over the blood\u2013brain barrier","volume":"20","author":"Ejsing","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"2019101113490390300_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5173(03)00372-7","article-title":"Caco-2 permeability, P-glycoprotein transport ratios and brain penetration of heterocyclic drugs","volume":"263","author":"Faassen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"2019101113490390300_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00231-2","article-title":"Diagnosis and definition of treatment-resistant depression","volume":"53","author":"Fava","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2019101113490390300_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.107.017434","article-title":"In vitro P-glycoprotein assays to predict the in vivo interactions of P-glycoprotein with drugs in the central nervous system","volume":"36","author":"Feng","year":"2008","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"key":"2019101113490390300_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S1570-0232(03)00393-3","article-title":"Analysis of eighteen antidepressants, four atypical antipsychotics and active metabolites in serum by liquid chromatography: a simple tool for therapeutic drug monitoring","volume":"794","author":"Frahnert","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci"},{"key":"2019101113490390300_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1097\/FTD.0b013e31817d6f5d","article-title":"CYP2D6 and ABCB1 genetic variability: influence on paroxetine plasma level and therapeutic response","volume":"30","author":"Gex-Fabry","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ther Drug Monit"},{"key":"2019101113490390300_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2418","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.03.003","article-title":"Riluzole normalizes early-life stress-induced visceral hypersensitivity in rats: role of spinal glutamate reuptake mechanisms","volume":"138","author":"Gosselin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2019101113490390300_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881104042831","article-title":"P-glycoprotein reduces the ability of amitriptyline metabolites to cross the blood brain barrier in mice after a 10-day administration of amitriptyline","volume":"18","author":"Grauer","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"2019101113490390300_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2012.07.020","article-title":"Comparison of brain capillary endothelial cell-based and epithelial (MDCK-MDR1, Caco-2, and VB-Caco-2) cell-based surrogate blood\u2013brain barrier penetration models","volume":"82","author":"Hellinger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Biopharm"},{"key":"2019101113490390300_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2010.04.004","article-title":"Blood\u2013brain barrier penetration of the enantiomers of venlafaxine and its metabolites in mice lacking P-glycoprotein","volume":"20","author":"Karlsson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"2019101113490390300_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2013.01.003","article-title":"Altered brain concentrations of citalopram and escitalopram in P-glycoprotein deficient mice after acute and chronic treatment","author":"Karlsson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"2019101113490390300_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2007.09.003","article-title":"ABCB1 (MDR1) gene polymorphisms are associated with the clinical response to paroxetine in patients with major depressive disorder","volume":"32","author":"Kato","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2019101113490390300_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2673","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.20686","article-title":"Kinetic analyses for species differences in P-glycoprotein-mediated drug transport","volume":"95","author":"Katoh","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"2019101113490390300_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2010.00801.x","article-title":"Differences in the expression of endogenous efflux transporters in MDR1-transfected vs. wildtype cell lines affect P-glycoprotein mediated drug transport","volume":"160","author":"Kuteykin-Teplyakov","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"2019101113490390300_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2006.066605","article-title":"ABCB1 (P-glycoprotein\/MDR1) gene G2677T\/A sequence variation (polymorphism): lack of association with side effects and therapeutic response in depressed inpatients treated with amitriptyline","volume":"52","author":"Laika","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"2019101113490390300_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1097\/FPC.0b013e32833db216","article-title":"ABCB1 gene polymorphisms are associated with the severity of major depressive disorder and its response to escitalopram treatment","volume":"21","author":"Lin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pharmacogenet Genomics"},{"key":"2019101113490390300_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1728","article-title":"Drug resistance in brain diseases and the role of drug efflux transporters","volume":"6","author":"Loscher","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"2019101113490390300_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.08.032","article-title":"Several major antiepileptic drugs are substrates for human P-glycoprotein","volume":"55","author":"Luna-Tortos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"2019101113490390300_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.102.039255","article-title":"Passive permeability and P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux differentiate central nervous system (CNS) and non-CNS marketed drugs","volume":"303","author":"Mahar Doan","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"2019101113490390300_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clpt.2003.09.012","article-title":"Polymorphisms in human MDR1 (P-glycoprotein): recent advances and clinical relevance","volume":"75","author":"Marzolini","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2019101113490390300_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.2012.02353.x","article-title":"Changes in the brain accumulation of glucocorticoids in abcb1a-deficient CF-1 mice","volume":"24","author":"Mason","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"2019101113490390300_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.03.018","article-title":"MDR1 gene polymorphism: therapeutic response to paroxetine among patients with major depression","volume":"32","author":"Mihaljevic Peles","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2019101113490390300_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2008.09.010","article-title":"Citalopram enantiomers in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of ABCB1 genotyped depressive patients and clinical response: a pilot study","volume":"58","author":"Nikisch","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"2019101113490390300_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2011.01557.x","article-title":"Interactions between antidepressants and P-glycoprotein at the blood\u2013brain barrier: clinical significance of in vitro and in vivo findings","volume":"165","author":"O'Brien","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"2019101113490390300_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2012.01858.x","article-title":"Inhibition of P-glycoprotein enhances transport of imipramine across the blood\u2013brain barrier: microdialysis studies in conscious freely moving rats","volume":"166","author":"O'Brien","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"2019101113490390300_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2013.120","article-title":"P-glycoprotein inhibition increases the brain distribution and antidepressant-like activity of escitalopram in rodents","author":"O'Brien","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"2019101113490390300_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4486","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.12.4486","article-title":"A retrovirus carrying an MDR1 cDNA confers multidrug resistance and polarized expression of P-glycoprotein in MDCK cells","volume":"85","author":"Pastan","year":"1988","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2019101113490390300_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.12.010","article-title":"Failure to replicate genetic associations with antidepressant treatment response in duloxetine-treated patients","volume":"67","author":"Perlis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol Psychiat"},{"key":"2019101113490390300_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-199408000-00002","article-title":"Tricyclic antidepressant concentrations in plasma: an estimate of their sensitivity and specificity as a predictor of response","volume":"14","author":"Perry","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2019101113490390300_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1872","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001872","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic genes do not influence response or tolerance to citalopram in the STAR*D sample","volume":"3","author":"Peters","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2019101113490390300_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)29270-3","article-title":"Rational use of in vitro P-glycoprotein assays in drug discovery","volume":"299","author":"Polli","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"2019101113490390300_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2011.05.017","article-title":"Enantiomeric separation of mirtazapine and its metabolite in rat plasma by reverse polar ionic liquid chromatography using fluorescence and polarimetric detectors connected in series","volume":"879","author":"Rao","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci"},{"key":"2019101113490390300_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.tpj.6500099","article-title":"A common P-glycoprotein polymorphism is associated with nortriptyline-induced postural hypotension in patients treated for major depression","volume":"2","author":"Roberts","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics J"},{"key":"2019101113490390300_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.1152","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the effects of duloxetine on P-gp function","volume":"25","author":"Ruike","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"2019101113490390300_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1097\/FPC.0b013e32833b593a","article-title":"ABCB1 (MDR1) polymorphisms and antidepressant response in geriatric depression","volume":"20","author":"Sarginson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharmacogenet Genom"},{"key":"2019101113490390300_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-409X(98)00085-4","article-title":"P-glycoprotein, a gatekeeper in the blood\u2013brain barrier","volume":"36","author":"Schinkel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"key":"2019101113490390300_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1716","DOI":"10.1021\/jm021012t","article-title":"Comparison of in vitro P-glycoprotein screening assays: recommendations for their use in drug discovery","volume":"46","author":"Schwab","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"2019101113490390300_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.2217\/14622416.9.1.105","article-title":"ABC multidrug transporters: structure, function and role in chemoresistance","volume":"9","author":"Sharom","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics"},{"key":"2019101113490390300_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e198","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2012.115","article-title":"ABCB1 polymorphism predicts escitalopram dose needed for remission in major depression","volume":"2","author":"Singh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"2019101113490390300_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.108.024745","article-title":"Species differences in blood\u2013brain barrier transport of three positron emission tomography radioligands with emphasis on P-glycoprotein transport","volume":"37","author":"Syvanen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"key":"2019101113490390300_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)29314-9","article-title":"Correlation of gene expression of ten drug efflux proteins of the ATP-binding cassette transporter family in normal human jejunum and in human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell monolayers","volume":"299","author":"Taipalensuu","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"2019101113490390300_ref48a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1016140429238","article-title":"Are MDCK cells transfected with the human MDR1 gene a good model of the human intestinal mucosa?","volume":"19","author":"Tang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"key":"2019101113490390300_ref48b","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.105.005421","article-title":"Functional assessment of multiple P-glycoprotein (P-gp) probe substrates: influence of cell line and modulator concentration on P-gp activity","volume":"33","author":"Taub","year":"2005","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"key":"2019101113490390300_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3956(03)00022-0","article-title":"abcblab P-glycoprotein is involved in the uptake of citalopram and trimipramine into the brain of mice","volume":"37","author":"Uhr","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"2019101113490390300_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(99)00095-0","article-title":"Penetration of amitriptyline, but not of fluoxetine, into brain is enhanced in mice with blood-brain barrier deficiency due to Mdr1a P-glycoprotein gene disruption","volume":"22","author":"Uhr","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"2019101113490390300_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00074-X","article-title":"Differential enhancement of antidepressant penetration into the brain in mice with abcb1ab (mdr1ab) P-glycoprotein gene disruption","volume":"54","author":"Uhr","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biol Psychiat"},{"key":"2019101113490390300_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2005.10.005","article-title":"Blood\u2013brain barrier penetration and pharmacokinetics of amitriptyline and its metabolites in p-glycoprotein (abcb1ab) knock-out mice and controls","volume":"41","author":"Uhr","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"2019101113490390300_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2007.11.017","article-title":"Polymorphisms in the drug transporter gene ABCB1 predict antidepressant treatment response in depression","volume":"57","author":"Uhr","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2019101113490390300_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.102.046532","article-title":"Inhibition of P-glycoprotein by newer antidepressants","volume":"305","author":"Weiss","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"2019101113490390300_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)38809-3","article-title":"In vitro substrate identification studies for P-glycoprotein-mediated transport: species difference and predictability of in vivo results","volume":"296","author":"Yamazaki","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"2019101113490390300_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-6446(03)02873-3","article-title":"In vitro trans-monolayer permeability calculations: often forgotten assumptions","volume":"8","author":"Youdim","year":"2003","journal-title":"Drug Discov Today"},{"key":"2019101113490390300_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2010.04.008","article-title":"In vitro concentration dependent transport of phenytoin and phenobarbital, but not ethosuximide, by human P-glycoprotein","volume":"86","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"2019101113490390300_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1021\/mp050095h","article-title":"Scientific perspectives on drug transporters and their role in drug interactions","volume":"3","author":"Zhang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Pharmaceut"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ijnp\/article-pdf\/16\/10\/2259\/30135870\/16-10-2259.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ijnp\/article-pdf\/16\/10\/2259\/30135870\/16-10-2259.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]],"date-time":"2025-04-30T09:46:51Z","timestamp":1746006411000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ijnp\/article\/16\/10\/2259\/653065"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1461145713000692","relation":{},"ISSN":["1469-5111","1461-1457"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1469-5111","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1461-1457","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]]}}}