{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T13:20:04Z","timestamp":1790256004929,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,19]],"date-time":"2013-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1384819200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Prim Health Care Res Dev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S146342361300042X_abs1\" sec-type=\"general\">\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the efficacy of alarm therapy versus desmopressin\n                            therapy in treating primary mono-symptomatic nocturnal enuresis\n                            (PMNE).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S146342361300042X_abs2\" sec-type=\"general\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PMNE is a common childhood disorder, which if left untreated can\n                            have a significant impact on a child's self-esteem and behaviour. Alarm\n                            therapy and desmopressin therapy are the two main treatments currently\n                            available in UK-based nurse-led enuresis clinics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S146342361300042X_abs3\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic review of the literature was undertaken to assess the\n                            efficacy of PMNE treatments. Following application of\n                            inclusion\/exclusion criteria eight randomised controlled\/clinical trials\n                            were identified involving children aged 5\u201317 years with PMNE receiving\n                            either alarm therapy or desmopressin therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S146342361300042X_abs4\" sec-type=\"general\">\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seven studies found no statistical difference in nocturnal\n                            continence improvement between the two interventions at the point when\n                            treatment was stopped. Four studies had a significantly larger relapse\n                            rate of nocturnal enuresis with desmopressin compared with alarm therapy\n                            when the treatment was withdrawn. Two papers reported that those\n                            participating in the alarm therapy intervention of the trials had a\n                            higher attrition rate than the desmopressin intervention. The overall\n                            findings from the eight studies showed that long term alarm therapy was\n                            more effective in treating nocturnal enuresis than desmopressin therapy.\n                            The review found that families and children receiving the alarm therapy\n                            intervention require more support from health care professionals to\n                            comply with treatment than those receiving the desmopressin therapy.\n                            However, if nurse-led clinics can support families to persist with the\n                            alarm therapy intervention, they are more likely to experience longer\n                            term improvement in continence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s146342361300042x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,19]],"date-time":"2013-11-19T09:08:34Z","timestamp":1384852114000},"page":"21-31","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["The efficacy of alarm therapy versus desmopressin therapy in the\n                        treatment of primary mono-symptomatic nocturnal enuresis: a systematic\n                        review"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Nina","family":"Perrin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynn","family":"Sayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison","family":"While","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"S146342361300042X_manual_ref-23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)67152-0"},{"key":"S146342361300042X_manual_ref-18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1998.00587.x"},{"key":"S146342361300042X_manual_ref-42","first-page":"37","article-title":"Nocturnal enuresis: assessing and treating children and young people","volume":"83","author":"Wootton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Community Practitioner"},{"key":"S146342361300042X_manual_ref-27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-004-1708-5","article-title":"Comparing alarms, desmopressin and combined treatment in Chinese enuretic children","volume":"20","author":"Ng","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatric Nephrology"},{"key":"S146342361300042X_manual_ref-30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/bjon.2003.12.15.11428"},{"key":"S146342361300042X_manual_ref-39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2009.08872.x"},{"key":"S146342361300042X_manual_ref-41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.61.1.30"},{"key":"S146342361300042X_manual_ref-28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/003655902320783854"},{"key":"S146342361300042X_manual_ref-17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2010.04.018"},{"key":"S146342361300042X_manual_ref-20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2010.08.041"},{"key":"S146342361300042X_manual_ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365590701571506"},{"key":"S146342361300042X_manual_ref-25","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence\n                            (NICE). 2010: Nocturnal enuresis. The management of bedwetting in\n                            children and young people \u2013 understanding NICE guidance. NICE Clinical\n                            Guideline 111. Retrieved 15 October 2011 from\n                            http:\/\/publications.nice.org.uk\/nocturnal-enuresis-cg111"},{"key":"S146342361300042X_manual_ref-16","unstructured":"Enuresis Resource and Information Centre (ERIC).\n                            2009: Why me? Continence the Facts. Retrieved 17 February 2012 from\n                            http:\/\/www.eric.org.uk\/whyme\/downloads\/Whyme-ContinenceTheFacts.pdf"},{"key":"S146342361300042X_manual_ref-29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365590310008857"},{"key":"S146342361300042X_manual_ref-37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-005-1660-8"},{"key":"S146342361300042X_manual_ref-34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0302-2838(02)00127-6"},{"key":"S146342361300042X_manual_ref-32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-152-11-201006010-00232"},{"key":"S146342361300042X_manual_ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2214.2010.01146.x"},{"key":"S146342361300042X_manual_ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/003655902320248227"},{"key":"S146342361300042X_manual_ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2010.04.014"},{"key":"S146342361300042X_manual_ref-35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365590802095678"},{"key":"S146342361300042X_manual_ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365590701748054"},{"key":"S146342361300042X_manual_ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/003655900750042022"},{"key":"S146342361300042X_manual_ref-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/bjsn.2009.4.9.45217"},{"key":"S146342361300042X_manual_ref-19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsl039"},{"key":"S146342361300042X_manual_ref-33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2011.10.014"},{"key":"S146342361300042X_manual_ref-22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.105.S3.935"},{"key":"S146342361300042X_manual_ref-15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365590410018729"},{"key":"S146342361300042X_manual_ref-13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410x.2001.02161.x"},{"key":"S146342361300042X_manual_ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365590500220321"},{"key":"S146342361300042X_manual_ref-36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000099349"},{"key":"S146342361300042X_manual_ref-24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365590903510737"},{"key":"S146342361300042X_manual_ref-31","first-page":"433","article-title":"Assessment of domestic violence against children and adolescents with enuresis","volume":"85","author":"Sapi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatrics"},{"key":"S146342361300042X_manual_ref-38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410x.1998.00018.x"},{"key":"S146342361300042X_manual_ref-26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(06)00305-3"},{"key":"S146342361300042X_manual_ref-7","first-page":"453","article-title":"Annotation: night wetting in children: psychological aspect","volume":"39","author":"Butler","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Childhood Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"key":"S146342361300042X_manual_ref-43","first-page":"89","article-title":"Management techniques in childhood enuresis","volume":"1","author":"Yemula","year":"2006","journal-title":"Continence Essentials"},{"key":"S146342361300042X_manual_ref-6","volume-title":"Nocturnal enuresis: the child's experience","author":"Butler","year":"1994"},{"key":"S146342361300042X_manual_ref-21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0031023"},{"key":"S146342361300042X_manual_ref-40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/bjsn.2010.5.10.479"}],"container-title":["Primary Health Care Research &amp; Development"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S146342361300042X","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T10:19:08Z","timestamp":1780654748000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S146342361300042X\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,19]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S146342361300042X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s146342361300042x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1463-4236","1477-1128"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1463-4236","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-1128","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 Cambridge University Press 2013\u00a0","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}