{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T10:02:57Z","timestamp":1769076177557,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,16]],"date-time":"2018-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1542326400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Prim Health Care Res Dev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1463423618000774_abs1\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Care of children affected by AIDS in Swaziland is predominately provided by families, with support from \u2018community-based responses\u2019. This approach is consistent with United Nations International Children\u2019s Fund\u2019s (UNICEF) framework for the protection, care and support of children affected by AIDS. However, the framework relies heavily on voluntary caregiving which is highly gendered. It pays limited attention to caregivers\u2019 well-being or sustainable community development which enables more effective caregiving. As a result, the framework is incompatible with the social justice principles of primary health care, and the sustainable development goals (SDGs).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1463423618000774_abs2\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our aim was to examine the effects and gender dimensions of providing voluntary, community-based, care-related labour for children affected by AIDS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1463423618000774_abs3\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted multiple-methods research involving an ethnography and participatory health research, in a rural Swazi community. We analysed data related to community-based responses using an abductive, mixed-methods technique, informed by the capabilities approach to human development and a gender analysis framework.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1463423618000774_abs4\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two community-based responses, \u2018neighbourhood care points\u2019 (facilities that provide children meals) and the \u2018<jats:italic>lihlombe lekukhalela<\/jats:italic>\u2019 (child protector) program were being implemented. The unpaid women workers at neighbourhood care points reported working in challenging conditions (eg, lacking labour-saving technologies), insufficient and diminishing material support (eg, no food), and receiving limited support from the broader community. Child protectors indicated their effectiveness was limited by lack of social power, relative to the perpetrators of child abuse. The results indicate that support for community-based responses will be enhanced by acknowledging and addressing the highly gendered nature of care-related labour and social power, and that increasing access to material resources including food, caregiver stipends and labour-saving technologies, is essential. These strategies will simultaneously contribute to the social and economic development of communities central to primary health care, and achieving the poverty, hunger, gender and work-related SDGs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1463423618000774","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,16]],"date-time":"2018-11-16T05:52:16Z","timestamp":1542347536000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Community-based care of children affected by AIDS in Swaziland: a gender-aware analysis"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5990-5061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle R.","family":"Brear","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pinky N.","family":"Shabangu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Hammarberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Fisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Keleher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1463423618000774_ref28","volume-title":"Neighbourhood care points in Swaziland: past, present and future","year":"2012"},{"key":"S1463423618000774_ref26","unstructured":"UNICEF Swaziland, United Nations International Children\u2019s Fund (Swaziland) (2006) Neighbourhood care points \u2013 making the vulnerable children visible. Mbabane, Swaziland: UNICEF \u2013 Swaziland. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/swaziland\/resources_9396.html"},{"key":"S1463423618000774_ref25","unstructured":"UNICEF, United Nations International Children\u2019s Fund (2013) Swaziland statistics. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.unicef.org\/infobycountry\/swaziland_statistics.html"},{"key":"S1463423618000774_ref22","unstructured":"UNAIDS, United Nations Program on HIV\/AIDS (2006) Helping ourselves: community responses to AIDS in Swaziland. Retrieved from http:\/\/data.unaids.org\/Publications\/IRC-pub07\/jc1259-swaziland_en.pdf"},{"key":"S1463423618000774_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.05.002"},{"key":"S1463423618000774_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781506335193.n17"},{"key":"S1463423618000774_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12961-018-0338-5"},{"key":"S1463423618000774_ref12","volume-title":"National plan of action for orphaned and vulnerable children 2006\u20132010","year":"2006"},{"key":"S1463423618000774_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17450121003615377"},{"key":"S1463423618000774_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1478-4505-10-8"},{"key":"S1463423618000774_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732318768236"},{"key":"S1463423618000774_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/heapro\/dax010"},{"key":"S1463423618000774_ref2","author":"Braithwaite","year":"2013"},{"key":"S1463423618000774_ref29","unstructured":"WHO, World Health Organisation (1978) Declaration of Alma Ata. International Conference on Primary Health Care."},{"key":"S1463423618000774_ref20","unstructured":"RHVP, Regional Hunger and Vulnerability Program (2007) Neighbourhood care points for OVC, Swaziland. REBA Case Study Brief. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.k4health.org\/toolkits\/swaziland-teachers\/neighbourhood-care-points-ovc-swaziland"},{"key":"S1463423618000774_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540120902923097"},{"key":"S1463423618000774_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.07.019"},{"key":"S1463423618000774_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17450128.2010.484469"},{"key":"S1463423618000774_ref24","unstructured":"UNICEF, United Nations International Children\u2019s Fund (2007) Enhanced protection for children affected by AIDS. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.unicef.org\/publications\/files\/Enhanced_Protection_for_Children_Affected_by_AIDS.pdf"},{"key":"S1463423618000774_ref27","unstructured":"UNICEF Swaziland, United Nations International Children\u2019s Fund (Swaziland) (2007) Lihlombe Lekukhalela - a shoulder to cry on. Mbabane, Swaziland. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/swaziland\/sz_publications_2007llleaflet.pdf"},{"key":"S1463423618000774_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511841286"},{"key":"S1463423618000774_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czw037"},{"key":"S1463423618000774_ref13","first-page":"4","volume-title":"Methods in for community-based participatory research for health","author":"Israel","year":"2013"},{"key":"S1463423618000774_ref15","first-page":"275","volume-title":"Qualitative data analysis: a methods sourcebook","author":"Miles","year":"2014"},{"key":"S1463423618000774_ref9","unstructured":"Dlamini S (2007) Neighbourhood care points in Swaziland: a case study. University of Swaziland, Regional Evidence Building Program, Regional Hunger and Vulnerability Program. Swaziland. 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Retrieved from http:\/\/www.unaids.org\/en\/regionscountries\/countries\/swaziland\/"}],"container-title":["Primary Health Care Research &amp; Development"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1463423618000774","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,8]],"date-time":"2019-06-08T02:55:26Z","timestamp":1559962526000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1463423618000774\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,16]]},"references-count":29,"alternative-id":["S1463423618000774"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1463423618000774","relation":{},"ISSN":["1463-4236","1477-1128"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1463-4236","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-1128","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 Cambridge University Press 2018","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}],"article-number":"e15"}}