{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T00:25:07Z","timestamp":1793060707137,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764720000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":336,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Prim Health Care Res Dev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1463423625100571_as1\">\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this systematic review, we identify and critically appraise randomised controlled trials of effectiveness of available educational, behavioural, cognitive, and self-management support interventions for individuals with chronic migraine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1463423625100571_as2\">\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Non-pharmacological interventions have the potential to help people living with chronic migraine. Little is known about their true effectiveness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1463423625100571_as3\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We searched Cochrane, Embase, Medline, PsychINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science for randomised controlled trials assessing the effectiveness of educational, behavioural, cognitive, and self-management support interventions, compared to usual care, for adults with chronic migraine. Our outcomes of interest were headache frequency, headache-related disability, quality of life, pain intensity, medication consumption, and psychological wellbeing at baseline and follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1463423625100571_as4\">\n                    <jats:title>Findings:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We included six randomised controlled trials (713 participants) whose interventions met our inclusion criteria: two educational, two psycho-educational, and two behavioural interventions. Trial heterogeneity precluded statistical pooling. Several small trials reported some between-group differences. One trial (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 177) found more people had \u226550 reduction in headache frequency at 12 months following a psychological (mindfulness-based) intervention added to acute medication withdrawal in people with medication overuse headache: 43\/89 (48%) control vs. 69\/88 (78%) intervention,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001. However, the largest included study (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 396) had effectively excluded the possibility that their intervention had a worthwhile effect on headache-related disability at 12 months; mean difference in Headache Impact Test (HIT-6) 0.7 (95% Confidence Interval \u22120.65 to 1.97). Current evidence does not support the use of educational, behavioural, cognitive, and self-management support interventions for individuals with chronic migraine to improve headache-related symptoms and quality of life. Very limited evidence suggests they may contribute towards headache frequency reduction.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1463423625100571","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T07:03:41Z","timestamp":1764745421000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The effectiveness of educational, behavioural, and cognitive self-management support interventions for chronic migraine: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3242-855X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aiva","family":"Hailston","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01a77tt86","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Warwick"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6635-7035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natasha","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01a77tt86","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Warwick"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariam","family":"Ratna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01a77tt86","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Warwick"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4960-2294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manjit","family":"Matharu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College London"},{"name":"National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0309-1708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Underwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01a77tt86","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Warwick"},{"name":"University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1463423625100571_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12760"},{"key":"S1463423625100571_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-019-0980-5"},{"key":"S1463423625100571_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898"},{"key":"S1463423625100571_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-016670"},{"key":"S1463423625100571_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-019-0672-5"},{"key":"S1463423625100571_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/thg.2016.46"},{"key":"S1463423625100571_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.92.15_supplement.S59.002"},{"key":"S1463423625100571_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-017-0787-1"},{"key":"S1463423625100571_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-9338(97)89095-5"},{"key":"S1463423625100571_ref35","first-page":"194","article-title":"Response to mindfulness-based cognitive therapy differs between chronic and episodic migraine","volume":"11","author":"Seng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurology: Clinical 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Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e98"}}