{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T11:49:40Z","timestamp":1785412180097,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764633600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":335,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Prim Health Care Res Dev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1463423625100649_as1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The influence of severity of migraine-like symptoms on different levels of executive functions is not well established. In this study, we investigate the impact of severity of migraine-like symptoms on the relationship between core-level executive functions (attention and memory) and fluid intelligence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1463423625100649_as2\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional study was conducted on university students (n = 427, age = 20.7 + 1.8 years). Participants completed self-report measures of Migraine Screen Questionnaire (MS-Q), single-item visual analogue scales (VASs) each for the subjective accounts of problems in core-level executive functions (attention and memory), and a single-item VAS for problems in fluid intelligence (PFI), and sociodemographics tool. The mediation effect model was used to determine the relationship.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1463423625100649_as3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study found a correlation between i) attention problems and severity of migraine-like symptoms (b = 0.109, standard error (SE) = 0.026, p &lt; 0.001), ii) severity of migraine-like symptoms and memory problems (b = 0.318, SE = 0.076, p &lt; 0.001), and iii) severity of migraine-like symptoms \u2013 PFI (b = 0.243, SE = 0.083, p &lt; 0.003), with an indirect effect of attention problems on memory problems and PFI and no correlation between severity of migraine-like symptoms and PFI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1463423625100649_as4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Self-reported accounts of problems in core-level executive functions and fluid intelligence are correlated. Severity of migraine-like symptoms may mediate the inter-relationship between some core-level and higher-level executive functions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1463423625100649","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T02:38:35Z","timestamp":1764643115000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Severity of migraine-like symptoms and its impact on executive functions in university students: a mediation model analysis"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5571-3310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md","family":"Dilshad Manzar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Majmaah University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7306-5989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed F.","family":"Salahuddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00dncgb07","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Notre Dame of Maryland University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8272-674X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faizan","family":"Kashoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Majmaah University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dejen","family":"Nureye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mizan-Tepi University"},{"name":"Research Unit of Neuro-Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. 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