{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T07:09:45Z","timestamp":1774940985012,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774915200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":89,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Prim Health Care Res Dev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1463423626101157_as1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participatory action research (PAR) methods effectively engage communities in identifying health priorities in low-resource settings. This study applied PAR methods during the establishment of a Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) in Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1463423626101157_as2\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We implemented seven PAR methods across rural and urban populations: transect walks, resource mapping, social mapping, seasonal mapping, focus group discussions, semi-structured interviews, and community ranking exercises. Data were collected in September 2023 following facilitator training. Visual materials and field notes were thematically categorized, while audio-recorded interviews were transcribed, translated, and analysed with combined inductive-deductive thematic analysis. Community health priorities were quantitatively analysed through free listing, pile sorting, and ranking.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1463423626101157_as3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Five major themes emerged: (1) Community context revealed diverse caste compositions and essential infrastructure; (2) Health priorities included acute conditions (fever, joint pain), chronic diseases (hypertension, diabetes), healthcare access limitations, and WASH issues; (3) Key contributors to poor health encompassed inadequate WASH facilities, limited health awareness, and discrimination; (4) Healthcare access barriers included absent primary care facilities, financial constraints, limited transportation, and poor service quality; (5) Community suggestions addressed both social determinants and healthcare services, emphasizing governance participation, WASH interventions, and improved healthcare infrastructure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1463423626101157_as4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PAR methods successfully identified community-defined health needs and barriers, demonstrating consistency across urban and rural settings. Community members provided concrete recommendations for health system improvements, validating the importance of incorporating local voices in HDSS design. The alignment between community priorities and documented regional health challenges underscores how participatory methods can shape surveillance activities to foster sustainable health improvements and enhance governance capacities. These insights directly informed HDSS operational plans, creating a foundation for responsive and equitable health surveillance systems.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1463423626101157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T05:37:59Z","timestamp":1774935479000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Participatory action research to align Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) priorities with community needs in Uttar Pradesh, India"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Shalini","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raghukul Ratan","family":"Pandey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8059-9364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"U.","family":"Venkatesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Science"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ram Shankar","family":"Rath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Science"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anil Ramesh","family":"Koparkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Science"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pradip","family":"Kharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Science"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hariom","family":"Pandey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Health and Family Welfare, Government of Uttar Pradesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neetisha","family":"Besra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1381-4260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hari Shanker","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Council of Medical Research, Regional Medical Research Centre"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anand Mohan","family":"Dixit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Science"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vikasendu","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Health and Family Welfare, Government of Uttar Pradesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0037-7364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian","family":"Wahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale School of Public Health"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1463423626101157_ref28","unstructured":"National Health Mission (2023) Rural Health Statistics 2020\u201321."},{"key":"S1463423626101157_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18203\/2394-6040.ijcmph20185077"},{"key":"S1463423626101157_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2020-004008"},{"key":"S1463423626101157_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0305-750X(94)90030-2"},{"key":"S1463423626101157_ref9","unstructured":"Choudhury, M , Dubey, JD and Mondal, B (2019) Analyzing Household Expenditure on Health from the 71 st Round of Survey by the National Sample Survey Organization in India, National Institute of Public Finance and Policy (NIPFP), New Delhi."},{"key":"S1463423626101157_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43586-023-00214-1"},{"key":"S1463423626101157_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-9062.321740"},{"key":"S1463423626101157_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2006.04.035"},{"key":"S1463423626101157_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dys081"},{"key":"S1463423626101157_ref26","unstructured":"Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India (2024a) Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY UP Status Report."},{"key":"S1463423626101157_ref27","unstructured":"Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India (2024b) Health Dynamics of lndia (Infrastructure & Human Resources) 2022\u201323. 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Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e46"}}