{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T04:47:21Z","timestamp":1791780441598,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783641600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":190,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Prim Health Care Res Dev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1463423626101431_as1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Regulatory instruments are a key necessity to implement public-private partnership\u2019s strategy. This study aimed to explore the stakeholders\u2019 experience on financial incentive-based regulatory instruments for public-private partnership in Iran\u2019s primary health care (PHC) delivery system.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1463423626101431_as2\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This qualitative study was involved face-to-face interviews with 18 stakeholders in primary health care partnership projects including employers, experts, contractors, and executive managers of contracted companies operating as a private health sector participant in primary health care services. The data were analyzed using the framework analysis method.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1463423626101431_as3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-four codes were developed. Findings showed that the current state of financial incentive-based regulatory instruments in Iran\u2019s PHC delivery system faced some challenges despite existing capacities. These challenges include the lack of an independent trustee for access to capital, and a comprehensive regulatory program to facilitate private sector participants\u2019 access to capital, and partnership contracting mechanisms. Findings also showed main challenges of these instruments related to access to capital, tax incentives and subsidies, staff mobility control mechanisms, partnership contracting mechanisms, and provider payments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1463423626101431_as4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The presence of significant challenges in Iran\u2019s health care system can impact the private sector\u2019s motivation to participate in primary health care. By improvement the infrastructure, reforming legal processes, and providing financial incentives, the government can boost the private sector\u2019s motivation in primary health care and advance the health sector\u2019s goals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1463423626101431","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T06:25:13Z","timestamp":1783664713000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Stakeholder\u2019s experience on financial incentive-based regulatory instruments for public-private partnership in developing countries: a study from Iran\u2019s primary health care delivery system"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5346-6494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iman","family":"Keliddar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01rws6r75","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8937-8004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amin","family":"Torabipour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01rws6r75","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1419-0736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"SeyedMehdi","family":"EmamianFard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1463423626101431_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17159\/2413-3051\/2009\/v20i2a3300"},{"key":"S1463423626101431_ref24","first-page":"342","article-title":"Expanding the health care in deprived areas in Iran: Policies and challenges","volume":"21","author":"Mir","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Military Medicine"},{"key":"S1463423626101431_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-8-66"},{"key":"S1463423626101431_ref30","unstructured":"Ozorhon, B , Ozcan-Deniz, G and Kir, OD (2021) Challenges of public private partnership (PPP) healthcare projects: Case study in developing countries. 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