{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T09:18:55Z","timestamp":1785403135015,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":208,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Prim Health Care Res Dev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1463423626101510_as1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Public health specialists (PHSs) are responsible for developing and implementing health promotion policies and can contribute to healthcare delivery at all levels. Discrete choice experiments (DCEs) can inform policy by identifying healthcare professionals\u2019 job preferences and the trade-offs they are willing to make between job attributes. This study aimed to investigate job preferences among PHSs, including trade-offs between job attributes and the probability of choosing specific job scenarios.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1463423626101510_as2\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 183 PHSs. Job attributes and levels were determined through a literature review and semistructured interviews with specialists. The questionnaire was administered online. A mixed logit model was used to estimate preferences for different attribute levels. Latent class analysis (LCA) was performed to identify subgroups with similar preference patterns. Simulations of job uptake probabilities were also conducted and willingness-to-pay (WTP) estimates were calculated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1463423626101510_as3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Five of the six job attributes significantly influenced preferences, ranked as follows: proximity to family\/friends, working environment, salary, developmental status of the workplace, and managerial position. LCA indicated that preference weights varied across subgroups defined by sociodemographic and professional characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1463423626101510_as4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In addition to monetary incentives, ensuring proximity to family and providing a supportive working environment appear to be the most effective strategies for improving the employment of PHSs. Financial incentives are particularly important for managerial roles, especially among junior PHSs without prior managerial experience.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1463423626101510","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T08:10:30Z","timestamp":1785226230000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessing the job preferences of public health specialist doctors: a discrete choice experiment"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0372-6280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bu\u015fra","family":"Tozduman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00dbd8b73","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Epidemiology Subsection"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0130rem","family":"Zengi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health of the Republic of T\u00fcrkiye, General Directorate of Public Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1463423626101510_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-016-0781-0"},{"key":"S1463423626101510_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hec.1581"},{"key":"S1463423626101510_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2648.2001.01773.x"},{"key":"S1463423626101510_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12960-023-00826-4"},{"key":"S1463423626101510_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1463423624000252"},{"key":"S1463423626101510_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-024-11810-6"},{"key":"S1463423626101510_ref43","unstructured":"World Bank Open Data [WWW Document] (n.d.) World Bank Open Data. https:\/\/data.worldbank.org (accessed 18 Febuary 2025)."},{"key":"S1463423626101510_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-056741"},{"key":"S1463423626101510_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)17482-5"},{"key":"S1463423626101510_ref16","volume-title":"Getting the most from CBC","author":"Johnson","year":"2003"},{"key":"S1463423626101510_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-8-19"},{"key":"S1463423626101510_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/RMHP.S259267"},{"key":"S1463423626101510_ref27","volume-title":"Sawtooth software sample size issues for conjoint analysis studies","author":"Orme","year":"1998"},{"key":"S1463423626101510_ref13","volume-title":"Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Health, Refik Saydam Hygiene Center Presidency, School of Public Health, Ankara","year":"2010"},{"key":"S1463423626101510_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1596\/13596"},{"key":"S1463423626101510_ref12","volume-title":"General Directorate of Health Research, Ministry of Health of the Republic of T\u00fcrkiye, Ankara","year":"2017"},{"key":"S1463423626101510_ref11","unstructured":"Health resources - Doctors - OECD Data [WWW Document] (n.d.) OECD. URL http:\/\/data.oecd.org\/healthres\/doctors.htm (accessed 8 July 2023)."},{"key":"S1463423626101510_ref6","unstructured":"Basic Health Services Law (1987) Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Sa\u011fl\u0131k Projesi Genel Koordinat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc."},{"key":"S1463423626101510_ref2","author":"Ara\u00fajo","year":"2013","journal-title":"How to Recruit and Retain Health Workers in Rural and Remote Areas in Developing Countries: A Guidance Note"},{"key":"S1463423626101510_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)17313-3"},{"key":"S1463423626101510_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12960-018-0335-3"},{"key":"S1463423626101510_ref36","unstructured":"X, Turkish Medical Association (2023) The number of applications to the Turkish Medical Association for a \u201cCertificate of good standing\u201d reached 3,025 in 2023, including 240 applications in December alone. [WWW Document]. Former. Twitter. https:\/\/x.com\/ttborgtr\/status\/1740746140457279822 (accessed 5 April 2026)."},{"key":"S1463423626101510_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52148\/ehta.1080419"},{"key":"S1463423626101510_ref37","volume-title":"Opinions of the health managers about decrees no. 663 and 694 on the structure of the organization of the ministry of health","author":"Topcu","year":"2018"},{"key":"S1463423626101510_ref4","first-page":"495","article-title":"Causes and adverse impact of physician burnout: A systematic review","volume":"27","author":"Azam","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan"},{"key":"S1463423626101510_ref9","first-page":"1","article-title":"Push and Pull Factors of Why Medical Students Want to Leave T\u00fcrkiye: A Countrywide Multicenter Study","author":"Eser","year":"2023","journal-title":"Teaching and Learning in Medicine"},{"key":"S1463423626101510_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0211345"},{"key":"S1463423626101510_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/PY15049"},{"key":"S1463423626101510_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-023-04993-9"},{"key":"S1463423626101510_ref34","first-page":"2279","article-title":"Location of family medicine graduates\u2019 practices. What factors influence Albertans\u2019 choices?","volume":"47","author":"Szafran","year":"2001","journal-title":"Canadian Family Physician"},{"key":"S1463423626101510_ref39","first-page":"271","article-title":"Stress, satisfaction and burnout among Dutch medical specialists","volume":"168","author":"Visser","year":"2003","journal-title":"Canadian Medical Association Journal"},{"key":"S1463423626101510_ref44","unstructured":"Yildirim, HH , Yildirim, T , BiLiR, MK , Ari, HO , \u0130\u015elek, E , \u00d6zatkan, Y and \u00d6zkan, O (2020) Human Resources for Health in Turkey: Current Situation, Challenges and Solutions 2."},{"key":"S1463423626101510_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/qhc.0100055"},{"key":"S1463423626101510_ref30","volume-title":"Hasuder","year":"2021"},{"key":"S1463423626101510_ref35","year":"n.d."},{"key":"S1463423626101510_ref29","unstructured":"Report on the Employment and Managerial Status of Public Health Specialists in the Ministry of Health Positions (2022) Hasuder. https:\/\/www.hasuder.org\/Duyurular\/EkIndir\/8829b13c-0954-c6c2-4baf-3a06ac045b27"},{"key":"S1463423626101510_ref41","first-page":"87","article-title":"GP job satisfaction in view of contract reform: A national survey","volume":"56","author":"Whalley","year":"2006","journal-title":"British Journal of General Practice"},{"key":"S1463423626101510_ref42","volume-title":"How to Conduct a Discrete Choice Experiment for Health Workforce Recruitment and Retention in Remote and Rural Areas: A user guide with case studies","year":"2012"},{"key":"S1463423626101510_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000012358"},{"key":"S1463423626101510_ref14","volume-title":"Mixed Logit Modelling in Stata An Overview","author":"Hole","year":"2013"},{"key":"S1463423626101510_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0165940"},{"key":"S1463423626101510_ref46","unstructured":"Law Decree Regarding The Organ\u0131zation And Duties Of The Ministry Of Health And Affiliated Institutions, KHK\/663 (2011) https:\/\/www.resmigazete.gov.tr\/eskiler\/2011\/11\/20111102M1-3.htm"},{"key":"S1463423626101510_ref28","unstructured":"Art\u0131 Ger\u00e7ek (2024) Over the past decade, applications for a \u201cCertificate of Good Standing\u201d increased from 59 to over 3,000 annually. [WWW Document]. https:\/\/artigercek.com\/saglik\/saglik-bakani-spekulatif-demisti-10-yilda-iyi-hal-belgesi-basvurusu-59dan-uc-bine-cikti-318321h (accessed 5 April 2026)."},{"key":"S1463423626101510_ref26","first-page":"1864","article-title":"Generational differences in factors influencing physicians to choose a work location","volume":"12","author":"Matthews","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rural and Remote Health"}],"container-title":["Primary Health Care Research &amp; Development"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1463423626101510","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T08:10:34Z","timestamp":1785226234000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1463423626101510\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["S1463423626101510"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1463423626101510","relation":{},"ISSN":["1463-4236","1477-1128"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1463-4236","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-1128","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2026. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e78"}}