{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T12:15:05Z","timestamp":1788437705789,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":245,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Prim Health Care Res Dev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background:<\/jats:title>\n The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted primary care, including childhood infection management. Public health measures reduced respiratory infections, raising concerns about an \u2018immunity debt\u2019 in children. General practitioners (GPs) faced fewer in-person consultations, evolving diagnostic routines, and changing parental expectations. While hospital data are available, effects in general practice are less studied.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among Dutch GPs with experience before and after the pandemic. The 35-item questionnaire addressed infection patterns, management, parental behaviour, and communication.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n Of 166 GPs, 32% noted changes in infection management and 44% observed altered seasonal trends. While consultation rates remained stable, diagnostic testing and antibiotic use increased. GPs reported longer consultations and rising parental demands, especially among those with lower health literacy or migrant backgrounds.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n GPs reported key shifts in managing childhood infections. Strengthening communication and further qualitative research may enhance care and equity.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1463423626101522","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T11:28:41Z","timestamp":1788434921000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dutch GPs\u2019 perceptions of post-pandemic changes in childhood infection management"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Frederike","family":"Vrouwenraets","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02jz4aj89","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Maastricht University Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences: Maastricht"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4823-5872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michiel A.G.E.","family":"Bannier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maastricht UMC+: Maastricht Universitair Medisch Centrum+"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alma C.","family":"van de Pol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Julius Centrum voor Gezondheidswetenschappen en Eerstelijns Geneeskunde"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jochen W.L.","family":"Cals","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maastricht University Hospital: Maastricht Universitair Medisch Centrum+"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2700-4752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eefje G.P.M.","family":"de Bont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02jz4aj89","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Maastricht University Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences: Maastricht"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1463423626101522_ref3","first-page":"e2106486119","article-title":"The impact of COVID-19 nonpharmaceutical interventions on the future dynamics of endemic infections","volume":"119","author":"Baker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"S1463423626101522_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp09X394996"},{"key":"S1463423626101522_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JMDH.S104807"},{"key":"S1463423626101522_ref16","unstructured":"Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu (RIVM) (2024) Surveillance of respiratory infections in the Netherlands 2024. Available at https:\/\/www.rivm.nl (accessed May 2025)."},{"key":"S1463423626101522_ref17","unstructured":"Rijksoverheid (2022) Coronavirus: bijna alle coronamaatregelen vervallen. Den Haag: Rijksoverheid. Available at https:\/\/www.rijksoverheid.nl\/onderwerpen\/coronavirus-covid-19\/nieuws\/2022\/03\/15\/bijna-alle-coronamaatregelen-vervallen (accessed 30 September 2025)."},{"key":"S1463423626101522_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-016-1667-8"},{"key":"S1463423626101522_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(01)00085-5"},{"key":"S1463423626101522_ref20","unstructured":"Thuisarts.nl (2025) Childhood fever: What to do? Available at https:\/\/www.thuisarts.nl\/koorts-bij-kind (accessed May 2025)."},{"key":"S1463423626101522_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyab168.614"},{"key":"S1463423626101522_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-019-0936-5"},{"key":"S1463423626101522_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(22)00377-7"},{"key":"S1463423626101522_ref13","first-page":"861","article-title":"Parent expectations for antibiotics, physician\u2013parent communication, and satisfaction","volume":"160","author":"Mangione-Smith","year":"2006","journal-title":"Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine"},{"key":"S1463423626101522_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.05.053"},{"key":"S1463423626101522_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1906"},{"key":"S1463423626101522_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idnow.2021.05.004"},{"key":"S1463423626101522_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.05.027"},{"key":"S1463423626101522_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-044685"}],"container-title":["Primary Health Care Research & Development"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1463423626101522","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T11:28:42Z","timestamp":1788434922000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1463423626101522\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":17,"alternative-id":["S1463423626101522"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1463423626101522","relation":{},"ISSN":["1463-4236","1477-1128"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1463-4236","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-1128","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2026. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e94"}}