{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T13:03:15Z","timestamp":1790686995195,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":271,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Prim Health Care Res Dev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1463423626101856_as1\">\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To characterise baseline levels and contextual triggers of public speaking anxiety (PSA) among family medicine residents and to examine whether a theory-driven educational intervention was associated with short-term changes in PSA across cognitive, behavioural, and psychological dimensions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1463423626101856_as2\">\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Effective communication is a core competency in primary healthcare. However, while clinical consultation skills are prioritised, academic presentation skills are systematically absent from most family medicine residency curricula. This \u2018null curriculum\u2019 leaves primary care trainees unprepared for professional advocacy, academic leadership, and teaching roles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1463423626101856_as3\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A quasi-experimental one-group pre-test\u2013post-test study was conducted involving 199 family medicine residents at a tertiary hospital in T\u00fcrkiye. A theory-based single-session educational intervention was delivered. PSA was measured using the validated Turkish Public Speaking Anxiety Scale (PSAS). The study was reported in accordance with TREND and CRISP guidelines for primary care research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1463423626101856_as4\">\n                    <jats:title>Findings:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Before the intervention, 87.4% of residents had never received formal PSA training. Academic instructors were the most frequently reported source of anxiety (82.9%) compared with patient encounters (4.0%). Following the intervention, total PSAS scores were associated with a statistically significant short-term decrease (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). Significant short-term reductions were observed across cognitive (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.005), behavioural (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), and psychological (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) dimensions. In exploratory subgroup analyses, married residents (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.026) and senior residents (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.002) appeared to experience larger short-term improvements, although these findings should be interpreted cautiously. These findings suggest that structured educational support may be beneficial for a subset of family medicine residents and that academic presentation skills warrant consideration as part of residency training; however, given the mixed individual-level responses and absence of a control group, this recommendation should be treated as preliminary pending controlled longitudinal evidence.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1463423626101856","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T12:35:17Z","timestamp":1790685317000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Addressing the null curriculum: a targeted intervention for public speaking anxiety in family medicine residents"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9973-5481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehmet","family":"Kibar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05ryemn72","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University Faculty of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0473-7910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erhan","family":"\u015eim\u015fek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05ryemn72","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University Faculty of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1463423626101856_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/0142159X.2014.889814"},{"key":"S1463423626101856_ref16","volume-title":"IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 27.0","year":"2020"},{"key":"S1463423626101856_ref7","article-title":"OpenEpi: Open source epidemiologic statistics for public health","author":"Dean","year":"2013","journal-title":"Version 3.01"},{"key":"S1463423626101856_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03626784.1986.11075989"},{"key":"S1463423626101856_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.94.3.361"},{"key":"S1463423626101856_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18231\/j.jchm.2022.035"},{"key":"S1463423626101856_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4300\/JGME-D-15-00500.1"},{"key":"S1463423626101856_ref12","first-page":"38","article-title":"Doctor-patient communication: A review","volume":"10","author":"Ha","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Ochsner Journal"},{"key":"S1463423626101856_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g1687"},{"key":"S1463423626101856_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00223980.2025.2459662"},{"key":"S1463423626101856_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-022-03982-8"},{"key":"S1463423626101856_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-024-06216-w"},{"key":"S1463423626101856_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/9781316941355"},{"key":"S1463423626101856_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17755\/esosder.674060"},{"key":"S1463423626101856_ref14","first-page":"69","article-title":"Hidden curriculum in medical residency programs: A scoping review","volume":"10","author":"Pourbairamian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Advances in Medical Education and Professionalism"},{"key":"S1463423626101856_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30560\/lt.v1n1p22"},{"key":"S1463423626101856_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2015.12.012"},{"key":"S1463423626101856_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.281053"},{"key":"S1463423626101856_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.3029"},{"key":"S1463423626101856_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52965\/001c.38354"},{"key":"S1463423626101856_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146"},{"key":"S1463423626101856_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2023.1268798"},{"key":"S1463423626101856_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599820926105"},{"key":"S1463423626101856_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2016.01.026"}],"container-title":["Primary Health Care Research &amp; Development"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1463423626101856","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T12:35:19Z","timestamp":1790685319000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1463423626101856\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":24,"alternative-id":["S1463423626101856"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1463423626101856","relation":{},"ISSN":["1463-4236","1477-1128"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1463-4236","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-1128","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2026. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e113"}}