{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T05:54:53Z","timestamp":1791179693616,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791158400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":277,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Prim Health Care Res Dev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1463423626101911_as1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with an increased risk of cognitive function through multiple metabolic and vascular mechanisms. Evidence on the association between diabetes self-management skills and cognitive function in individuals with T2DM remains limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1463423626101911_as2\">\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the relationship between diabetes self-management and cognitive function among individuals with T2DM and to identify factors associated with cognitive function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1463423626101911_as3\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional, correlational study was conducted with 170 adults with T2DM at a public hospital in Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye. Data were collected between June 2024 and January 2025 using a Participant Information Form, the Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management Scale (T2DM-SMS), and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) to assess cognitive function. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1463423626101911_as4\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mean T2DM-SMS score was 58.84 \u00b1 12.58, and the mean MMSE score was 17.77 \u00b1 5.13. Diabetes self-management was positively correlated with cognitive function (r = 0.50, p &lt; 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that diabetes self-management remained independently associated with MMSE scores after adjustment for age, gender, and diabetes-related complications (\u03b2 = 0.12, p &lt; 0.001). Older age was independently associated with lower MMSE scores (\u03b2 = \u22120.17, p &lt; 0.001), whereas male participants had significantly higher MMSE scores than female participants (\u03b2 = 1.59, p = 0.006).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1463423626101911_as5\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Better diabetes self-management was independently associated with better cognitive function among individuals with T2DM. Integrating cognitive assessment and individualised self-management education into diabetes care may support early identification and help preserve cognitive function and improve long-term outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1463423626101911","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T05:40:25Z","timestamp":1791178825000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association between diabetes self-management skills and cognitive function in individuals with type 2 diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5998-7466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ay\u015feg\u00fcl","family":"Akca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05ryemn72","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Ankara Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Beyaz\u0131t University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3326-776X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tu\u011fba","family":"Bilgehan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05ryemn72","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Ankara Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Beyaz\u0131t University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1463423626101911_ref21","unstructured":"Ko\u00e7, E and \u00d6zkan, \u00d6 (2020) Evaluation of disease self-management in persons diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and development of the type 2 diabetes self-management scale. Faculty of Medicine Department of Public Health, Gazi University Specialization Thesis, Ankara T\u00fcrkiye."},{"key":"S1463423626101911_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2024.111760"},{"key":"S1463423626101911_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S284468"},{"key":"S1463423626101911_ref14","first-page":"273","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the standardized Mini Mental State Examination in the diagnosis of mild dementia in Turkish population","volume":"13","author":"Gungen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Turkish Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"S1463423626101911_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/cd23-as01"},{"key":"S1463423626101911_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1624472"},{"key":"S1463423626101911_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jnu.70038"},{"key":"S1463423626101911_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6"},{"key":"S1463423626101911_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-025-03252-0"},{"key":"S1463423626101911_ref1","unstructured":"Alzheimer\u2019s Diseases International (2025) World Alzheimer Report 2025. Available at https:\/\/www.alzint.org\/resource\/world-alzheimer-report-2025\/"},{"key":"S1463423626101911_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40200-022-01022-2"},{"key":"S1463423626101911_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.70088"},{"key":"S1463423626101911_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NNR.0000000000000624"},{"key":"S1463423626101911_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afab231"},{"key":"S1463423626101911_ref18","volume-title":"IDF Diabetes Atlas","year":"2025"},{"key":"S1463423626101911_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2023.100136"},{"key":"S1463423626101911_ref17","first-page":"1","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional analysis of glycemic controls and brain health outcomes","volume":"20","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Applied Neuropsychology: Adult"},{"key":"S1463423626101911_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(24)00264-X"},{"key":"S1463423626101911_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc25-2583"},{"key":"S1463423626101911_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2026.1789318"},{"key":"S1463423626101911_ref10","volume-title":"StatPearls [Internet]","author":"Emmady","year":"2022"},{"key":"S1463423626101911_ref22","first-page":"2062","article-title":"Influence of diabetes duration and glycemic control on dementia: A cohort study","volume":"76","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Journals of Gerontology: Series A"},{"key":"S1463423626101911_ref36","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2025) Dementia. Available at https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/dementia"},{"key":"S1463423626101911_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3610"},{"key":"S1463423626101911_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diabetology5010004"},{"key":"S1463423626101911_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/01939459251331857"},{"key":"S1463423626101911_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-024-01346-4"},{"key":"S1463423626101911_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20143705"},{"key":"S1463423626101911_ref39","volume-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","year":"2025"},{"key":"S1463423626101911_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.2884"},{"key":"S1463423626101911_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4162\/nrp.2018.12.1.69"},{"key":"S1463423626101911_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-22378-z"},{"key":"S1463423626101911_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/cer-2018-0105"},{"key":"S1463423626101911_ref24","unstructured":"L\u00fcdecke, D (2023) sjPlot: Data Visualization for Statistics in Social Science. R package version 2.8.15. Available at https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=sjPlot"},{"key":"S1463423626101911_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781032622156"},{"key":"S1463423626101911_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-20156-x"},{"key":"S1463423626101911_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1617248"}],"container-title":["Primary Health Care Research &amp; Development"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1463423626101911","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T05:40:27Z","timestamp":1791178827000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1463423626101911\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["S1463423626101911"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1463423626101911","relation":{},"ISSN":["1463-4236","1477-1128"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1463-4236","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-1128","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2026. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that no alterations are made and the original article is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press or the rights holder(s) must be obtained prior to any commercial use and\/or adaptation of the article.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e122"}}