{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T05:39:53Z","timestamp":1792647593096,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792627200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":294,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792627200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":294,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/tdm\/tdmrep-policy.json"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Prim Health Care Res Dev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Aims:<\/jats:title>\n This study aimed to examine the associations among complication risk perception, gender role stress, and symptom management self-efficacy in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and to identify factors associated with these constructs.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n This analytical cross-sectional study was performed at the endocrinology outpatient clinic of a hospital. The sample consisted of 500 Type 2 DM patients (250 women, 250 men). Study data were gathered through the Individual Information Form (IIF), Risk Perception Survey\u2013Diabetes Mellitus Scale (RPS-DM), Symptom Management Scale for Self-Efficacy (SMSSE), Feminine Gender Role Stress Scale (FGRSS), and Masculine Gender Role Stress Scale (MGRSS). The data were analyzed using the Mann\u2013Whitney test, Kruskal\u2013Wallis\n H<\/jats:italic>\n test, Spearman correlation coefficients, and binary logistic regression.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n It was determined that both in women and men, it was found that as gender role stress increased, composite and environmental risk perceptions increased, and symptom management self-efficacy decreased (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001). According to logistic regression analysis, when risk knowledge increases in women, self-efficacy will increase (OR: 0.595), and composite risk perception will decrease (OR: 7.377). When composite risk perception increases in men, self-efficacy will decrease (OR: 16.933).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n Complication risk perception and gender role stress were associated with symptom management self-efficacy among patients with Type 2 DM, with these associations differing by sex. Future interventional studies are needed to determine whether addressing these factors improves symptom management for self-efficacy. The findings may also help nurses recognize sex-specific differences when planning individualized patient care.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1463423626102072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T05:21:55Z","timestamp":1792646515000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Associations between complication risk perception, gender role stress, and symptom management self-efficacy in type 2 diabetes mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8122-2101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bet\u00fcl","family":"\u00c7akmak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05ryemn72","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Ankara Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Beyaz\u0131t University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9286-9755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Halime","family":"Abay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05ryemn72","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Ankara Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Beyaz\u0131t University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9482-6041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nazan","family":"\u00c7elik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ankara Training and Research Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]]},"container-title":["Primary Health Care Research & Development"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1463423626102072","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1463423626102072","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T05:21:56Z","timestamp":1792646516000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1463423626102072\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":0,"alternative-id":["S1463423626102072"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1463423626102072","relation":{},"ISSN":["1463-4236","1477-1128"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1463-4236","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-1128","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2026. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e132"}}