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This situation stems not least from a failure to recognize the extent to which eutherian spermatozoa and eggs, and elements related to their operation, have come to differ from those of other groups. Novel features in the male that reflect this include a radical design of the sperm head with the acrosome seeming to function primarily in egg\u2010coat binding rather than its lysis, a multifaceted post\u2010testicular sperm maturation and an androgen\/low\u2010temperature\u2010regulated system of sperm storage \u2013 both tied to the epididymis, a variable male accessory sex gland complex, and descent of the testis and epididymis to a scrotum. In the female, such novelties are represented in a need for sperm capacitation, in an unusual regulation of sperm transport within the oviduct, in the cumulus oophorus and character of the zona pellucida around the small egg, and in a unique configuration of gamete fusion.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The collective evidence now suggests that many of these features reflect a new fertilisation strategy or its consequences, with most being causally linked. One initial\u2018domino\u2019 in this regard appears to be the small yolkless state of the egg and its intolerance for polyspermy, as determinants of the unusual mode of oviductal sperm transport and possibly the existence and form of the cumulus oophorus. However, a particularly influential first\u2018domino\u2019 appears to be the physical character of the other animal groups by virtue of a resilient elasticity and thickness. These qualities allow this primary and often only coat to stretch and so persist during later expansion of the blastocyst, usually until close to implantation. At the same time, the dimensions, physical character, and particularly the relative protease\u2010insensitivity of the zona appear to have had profound effects on sperm form and function and, more indirectly, on sperm\u2010related events in the male and the female tract. Marsupials display some similarities and also some strikingly different features, against which the enigmas of the eutherian situation can be evaluated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s146479310300633x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,11]],"date-time":"2004-05-11T09:00:25Z","timestamp":1084266025000},"page":"429-460","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["Enigmas of mammalian gamete form and function"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"J. 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