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Rev."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper reviews the present state of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the zoonotic bacteria<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Campylobacter jejuni<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Campylobacter coli<\/jats:italic>, and in<jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>from chickens and turkeys. For<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>, the frequencies and patterns of AMR vary depending on time, region, serovar, the particular farm, layers versus broilers, and the antimicrobial agent. There is usually a higher frequency of AMR in<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>from turkeys compared with<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>from chickens. Clonal and horizontal transmission of AMR occur and there is concern about the spread of transmissible plasmids that encode extended spectrum cephalosporinases. Resistance to fluoroquinolones is generally low. For<jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>, resistance to tetracycline is usually at moderate to high frequency, resistance to quinolones\/fluoroquinolones varies from low to high, and resistance to macrolides is usually low. There are high levels of fluoroquinolone resistance in some countries. Avian pathogenic<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>are often highly resistant, especially to tetracycline, streptomycin, and sulfonamides. Plasmid-mediated resistance is common. High levels of resistance to ciprofloxacin have been reported from China. Commensal<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>from poultry have similar patterns of resistance but at lower frequencies. Integron associated resistance occurs commonly in<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>but has not been detected in<jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1466252308001552","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,22]],"date-time":"2008-12-22T13:25:50Z","timestamp":1229952350000},"page":"149-158","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":136,"title":["Antimicrobial resistance in selected bacteria from poultry"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Carlton L.","family":"Gyles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1466252308001552_ref039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkn190"},{"key":"S1466252308001552_ref040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/10766290152045084"},{"key":"S1466252308001552_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-70.8.1945"},{"key":"S1466252308001552_ref056","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1403.071057"},{"key":"S1466252308001552_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/84.4.644"},{"key":"S1466252308001552_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-69.12.2915"},{"key":"S1466252308001552_ref047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01285-07"},{"key":"S1466252308001552_ref037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-70.11.2466"},{"key":"S1466252308001552_ref033","first-page":"215","article-title":"Characterization of antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence genes of Salmonella serovars collected at a commercial turkey processing plant","volume":"104","author":"Nde","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Microbiology"},{"key":"S1466252308001552_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkm249"},{"key":"S1466252308001552_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1302.060587"},{"key":"S1466252308001552_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2007.0017"},{"key":"S1466252308001552_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-8-89"},{"key":"S1466252308001552_ref052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.8.3574-3578.2003"},{"key":"S1466252308001552_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08910600510038009"},{"key":"S1466252308001552_ref043","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl337"},{"key":"S1466252308001552_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2003.07.001"},{"key":"S1466252308001552_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.2007.tb03941.x"},{"key":"S1466252308001552_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-70.9.2030"},{"key":"S1466252308001552_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkh422"},{"key":"S1466252308001552_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.63.1027"},{"key":"S1466252308001552_ref010","unstructured":"CIPARS (2005). 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