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While results have been very variable, some indicate that phage therapy is potentially useful in virulent<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>infections in chickens, calves and pigs, and in control of the food-borne pathogens<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Campylobacter jejuni<\/jats:italic>in chickens and<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>O157:H7 in cattle. However, more rigorous and comprehensive research is required to determine the true potential of phage therapy. Particular challenges include the selection and characterization of phages, practical modes of administration, and development of formulations that maintain the viability of phages for administration. Also, meaningful evaluation of phage therapy will require animal studies that closely represent the intended use, and will include thorough investigation of the emergence and characteristics of phage resistant bacteria. As well, effective use will require understanding the ecology and dynamics of the endemic and therapeutic phages and their interactions with target bacteria in the farm environment. In the event that the potential of phage therapy is realized, adoption will depend on its efficacy and complementarity relative to other interventions. Another potential challenge will be regulatory approval.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1466252308001576","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,22]],"date-time":"2008-12-22T13:25:50Z","timestamp":1229952350000},"page":"201-215","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":132,"title":["Bacteriophages for prophylaxis and therapy in cattle, poultry and 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