{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T09:28:53Z","timestamp":1767000533370,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765843200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":349,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anim. Health. Res. Rev."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Thelaziasis, also known as thelaziosis, is a neglected vector-borne disease caused by parasitic nematodes from the genus\n                    <jats:italic>Thelazia<\/jats:italic>\n                    , belonging to the family Thelaziidae. The disease is transmitted biologically by various fly species, including the genus\n                    <jats:italic>Musca<\/jats:italic>\n                    (family Muscidae),\n                    <jats:italic>Phortica<\/jats:italic>\n                    (family Drosophilidae), and\n                    <jats:italic>Fannia<\/jats:italic>\n                    (family Fanniidae). These flies act as intermediate hosts (IHs) by depositing infective third-stage larvae (L3) during their tear feeding.\n                    <jats:italic>Thelazia<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp., such as\n                    <jats:italic>T. gulosa, T. skrjabini<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>T. rhodesi<\/jats:italic>\n                    , inhabit the ocular regions of various animals, including humans and birds. Adult\n                    <jats:italic>Thelazia<\/jats:italic>\n                    worms are slender and creamy-white, measuring between 8\u201312 mm in males and 12\u201321 mm in females, with females releasing live larvae into the host\u2019s tear secretions. The presence of these parasites can lead to serious ocular conditions such as keratitis, conjunctivitis, and even blindness. Diagnosis typically involves identifying the adult nematodes in the conjunctival sac, where they appear as active, slender, creamy-white organisms. Management of the infection can include the physical removal of the parasites and the use of effective anthelmintics like Eprinomectin, Doramectin, Ivermectin and Levamisole, administered either subcutaneously or intramuscularly. Regular deworming and treatment of infected animals are essential practices in areas where the disease is endemic, and effective prevention and control strategies are necessary to mitigate its impact. Hence, this comprehensive review has provided updated information about the oldest known but neglected and re-emerging parasitic disease in bovines worldwide.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1466252325100029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T05:10:23Z","timestamp":1765861823000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bovine thelaziasis: a re-emerging parasitic disease of cattle and buffaloes"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8466-1575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tewodros","family":"Alemneh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Gondar"},{"name":"Woreta Town Office of Agriculture and Environmental Protection"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shimelis","family":"Dagnachew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Gondar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]]},"container-title":["Animal Health Research Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1466252325100029","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T09:25:47Z","timestamp":1767000347000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1466252325100029\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":0,"alternative-id":["S1466252325100029"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1466252325100029","relation":{},"ISSN":["1466-2523","1475-2654"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1466-2523"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1475-2654"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original article is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press or the rights holder(s) must be obtained prior to any commercial use.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e6"}}