{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T07:23:19Z","timestamp":1792221799947,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,12]],"date-time":"2021-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610409600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pall Supp Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S147895152000139X_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Delirium is a frequent complication in advanced cancer patients, among whom it is frequently underdiagnosed and inadequately treated. To date, evidence on risk factors and the prognostic impact of delirium on outcomes remains sparse in this patient population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S147895152000139X_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this prospective observational cohort study at a single tertiary-care center, 1,350 cancer patients were enrolled. Simple and multiple logistic regression models were utilized to identify associations between predisposing and precipitating factors and delirium. Cox proportional-hazards models were used to estimate the effect of delirium on death rate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S147895152000139X_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In our patient cohort, the prevalence of delirium was 34.3%. Delirium was associated <jats:italic>inter alia<\/jats:italic> with prolonged hospitalization, a doubling of care requirements, increased healthcare costs, increased need for institutionalization (OR 3.22), and increased mortality (OR 8.78). Predisposing factors for delirium were impaired activity (OR 10.82), frailty (OR 4.75); hearing (OR 2.23) and visual impairment (OR 1.89), chronic pneumonitis (OR 2.62), hypertension (OR 1.46), and renal insufficiency (OR 1.82). Precipitating factors were acute renal failure (OR 7.50), pressure sores (OR 3.78), pain (OR 2.86), and cystitis (OR 1.32). On multivariate Cox regression, delirium increased the mortality risk sixfold (HR 5.66). Age \u2265 65 years and comorbidities further doubled the mortality risk of delirious patients (HR 1.77; HR 2.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S147895152000139X_sec_a4\"><jats:title>Significance of results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Delirium is common in cancer patients and associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Systematically categorizing predisposing and precipitating factors might yield new strategies for preventing and managing delirium in cancer patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s147895152000139x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,13]],"date-time":"2021-01-13T01:15:49Z","timestamp":1610500549000},"page":"294-303","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Delirium is associated with an increased morbidity and in-hospital mortality in cancer patients: Results from a prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0056-8686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annina","family":"Seiler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Blum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy Werner","family":"Deuel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Hertler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Schettle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carl Moritz","family":"Zipser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jutta","family":"Ernst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Schubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"von K\u00e4nel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1061-7421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soenke","family":"Boettger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"S147895152000139X_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-020-00464-4"},{"key":"S147895152000139X_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(94)90038-8"},{"key":"S147895152000139X_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1478951519000919"},{"key":"S147895152000139X_ref37","volume-title":"Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology","year":"2009"},{"key":"S147895152000139X_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.2003.017236"},{"key":"S147895152000139X_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.6.786"},{"key":"S147895152000139X_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.1013"},{"key":"S147895152000139X_ref10","first-page":"238","article-title":"Hypertension in cancer patients and survivors: Epidemiology, diagnosis, and management","volume":"1","author":"Cohen","year":"2019","journal-title":"JACC: CardioOncology"},{"key":"S147895152000139X_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4441"},{"key":"S147895152000139X_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgo.2015.12.002"},{"key":"S147895152000139X_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1478951514001060"},{"key":"S147895152000139X_ref18","volume-title":"IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 25.0","year":"Released 2017"},{"key":"S147895152000139X_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2015-0115"},{"key":"S147895152000139X_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-014-0141-2"},{"key":"S147895152000139X_ref2","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR)","year":"2000"},{"key":"S147895152000139X_ref7","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2017). 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