{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T10:35:51Z","timestamp":1778841351500,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]],"date-time":"2025-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742774400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":82,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pall Supp Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S1478951524002104_sec1a\">\n\t    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Up to 40% of seriously ill patients develop a (temporary) desire to die which can lead to requests for assisted dying. Health professionals often feel uncertain about addressing these topics, while informal caregivers may feel guilty and left out. Open and respectful communication proves beneficial. It remains unclear how this communication ideal realizes within the lived experience of all 3 parties. Therefore, we conducted in-depth analysis of communication strategies about desire to die from triangulated perspectives of patients, informal caregivers, and health professionals.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S1478951524002104_sec2b\">\n\t    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>We conducted semi-structured interviews with purposefully sampled triads consisting of seriously ill patients, their respective informal caregivers and health professionals. Interviews were part of the qualitative evaluation of a 3-phase mixed-methods study on the effects of communication about desire to die on seriously ill patients. We followed a framework analysis approach to build communication types.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S1478951524002104_sec3c\">\n\t    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>From the <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 13 patients, 54% suffered from oncological diseases. Health professionals (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 13) were multiprofessional. Informal caregivers (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 13) were partners, children, or another relation. All in all, we conducted <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 14 interview triads (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 3 incomplete; <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 39 individual interviews).<\/jats:p>\n\t    <jats:p>Four key themes emerged from analysis: (a) how open communication was perceived, (b) whether participants reported shared reality, (c) how they talked about death, and (d) their communication strategies.<\/jats:p>\n\t    <jats:p>Ultimately, 3 communication types were inductively derived at from these key themes. Type 1 \u201cBetween the Lines,\u201d type 2 \u201cPast each Other\u201d and type 3 \u201cMatter of Fact\u201d show differing expressions on the key themes, especially on (b) shared reality. Specific type characteristics produce suggestions for health professionals\u2019 communicative practice.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S1478951524002104_sec4d\">\n\t    <jats:title>Significance of results<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Awareness of typical communication strategies is necessary to foresee potential pitfalls such as loss of information or acting on unchecked assumptions. To reduce distress and increase information flow, health professionals should actively approach informal caregivers for desire to die conversations.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1478951524002104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]],"date-time":"2025-03-24T09:28:19Z","timestamp":1742808499000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Talking about desire to die: Talking past each other? A framework analysis of interview triads with patients, informal caregivers, and health professionals"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3159-6535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathleen","family":"Bostr\u00f6m","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Dojan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thessa","family":"Th\u00f6lking","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonie","family":"Gehrke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carolin","family":"Rosendahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raymond","family":"Voltz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kerstin","family":"Kremeike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1478951524002104_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118728130.ch5"},{"key":"S1478951524002104_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NJH.0000000000000447"},{"key":"S1478951524002104_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14780887.2015.1119228"},{"key":"S1478951524002104_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/0269216306pm1148oa"},{"key":"S1478951524002104_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0257274"},{"key":"S1478951524002104_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JOP.2012.000800"},{"key":"S1478951524002104_ref46","first-page":"562","article-title":"Pathways to distress: The multiple determinants of depression, hopelessness, and the desire for hastened death in metastatic cancer patients","volume":"68","author":"Rodin","year":"2009","journal-title":"SocSciMed"},{"key":"S1478951524002104_ref5","first-page":"1","article-title":"Dealing with desire to die in palliative care \u2013 evaluation of a training program","volume":"23","author":"Bostr\u00f6m","year":"2022","journal-title":"Zeitschrift F\u00fcr Palliativmedizin"},{"key":"S1478951524002104_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1017\/S1478951521000080","article-title":"Complexity of desire for hastened death in terminally ill cancer patients: A cluster analysis","volume":"19","author":"Hatano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Palliative and Supportive Care"},{"key":"S1478951524002104_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269216317746584"},{"key":"S1478951524002104_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269216317735247"},{"key":"S1478951524002104_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.3716","article-title":"\u2018You can\u2019t say, \u201cwhat about me?\u201d I\u2019m not the one with cancer\u2019: Information and support needs of relatives","volume":"24","author":"Foster","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psycho-Oncology"},{"key":"S1478951524002104_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.3959"},{"key":"S1478951524002104_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09515089.2012.724354"},{"key":"S1478951524002104_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bioe.12590"},{"key":"S1478951524002104_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049909111434976"},{"key":"S1478951524002104_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15265161.2019.1654016"},{"key":"S1478951524002104_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HP.0000000000000623"},{"key":"S1478951524002104_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12904-018-0343-z"},{"key":"S1478951524002104_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-011-2253-x"},{"key":"S1478951524002104_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09699260.2020.1767437"},{"key":"S1478951524002104_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114180"},{"key":"S1478951524002104_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-017-0907-4","article-title":"How accurate is the \u2018Surprise Question\u2019 at identifying patients at the end of life? 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