{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:09:26Z","timestamp":1791158966916,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,1]],"date-time":"2007-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1167609600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,1]],"date-time":"2007-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1167609600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,6]],"date-time":"2020-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604620800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5058,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Animal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007]]},"DOI":"10.1017\/s1751731107661850","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,29]],"date-time":"2007-03-29T08:36:48Z","timestamp":1175157408000},"page":"367-373","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Effect of lactulose on growth performance and intestinal morphology of pre-ruminant calves using a milk replacer containing Enterococcus faecium"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Fleige","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Prei\u00dfinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.H.D.","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.W.","family":"Pfaffl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731107661850_bib001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1080\/00365521.1997.11720716","article-title":"Effects of lactulose and lactitol on colonic microflora and enzymatic activity","volume":"32","author":"Ballongue","year":"1997","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731107661850_bib002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/73.2.399s","article-title":"Probiotics: determinants of survival and growth in the gut","volume":"73","author":"Bezkorovainy","year":"2001","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731107661850_bib003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1080\/00365521.1997.11720721","article-title":"Effects of lactulose on carbohydrate metabolism and diabetes mellitus","volume":"32","author":"Bianchi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731107661850_bib004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.4.1256","article-title":"Feeding colostrum, its composition and feeding duration variably modify proliferation and morphology of the intestine and digestive enzyme activities of neonatal calves","volume":"131","author":"Bl\u00e4ttler","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731107661850_bib005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1080\/00039420400005075","article-title":"Investigation on the precaecal and faecal digestibility of lactulose and inulin and their influence on nutrient digestibility and microbial characteristics","volume":"58","author":"Branner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Archives of Animal Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731107661850_bib006","unstructured":"Busch A, Hermann HH, K\u00fchn I, Simon O, Struck J and S\u00fcphke E 2004. Probiotics in animal nutrition. Arbeitsgemeinschaft f\u00fcr Wirkstoffe in der Tierern\u00e4hrung e.V. (AWT). (http:\/\/www.awt-feedadditives.de\/fileadmin\/awt\/pdf\/probiotics.pdf)."},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731107661850_bib007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1932","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/130.8.1932","article-title":"Different substrates and methane producing status affect short-chain fatty acid profiles produced by in vitro fermentation of human feces","volume":"130","author":"Fernandes","year":"2000","journal-title":"The Journal of Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731107661850_bib008","series-title":"Probiotics, the scientific basis","author":"Fuller","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731107661850_bib009","series-title":"In Physiology of the gastrointestinal tract","first-page":"1773","article-title":"Intestinal transport of amino acids and peptides","author":"Ganapathy","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731107661850_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(95)90192-2","article-title":"Selective stimulation of Bifidobacteria in the human colon by oligofructose and inulin","volume":"108","author":"Gibson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731107661850_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9270(99)00806-0","article-title":"Probiotics and gastrointestinal health","volume":"95","author":"Gorbach","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731107661850_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3569","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.107.12.3569","article-title":"Regulation of cell number in the mammalian gastrointestinal tract: the importance of apoptosis","volume":"107","author":"Hall","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Cell Science"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731107661850_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/22.1.43","article-title":"Stimulation of apoptosis by two prebiotic chicory fructans in the rat colon","volume":"22","author":"Hughes","year":"2001","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731107661850_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1304","article-title":"Clostridial constipation's broad pathology","volume":"56","author":"Johnson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Medical Hypotheses"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731107661850_bib0016","first-page":"365","article-title":"[Possible interesting dietetic effects of lactulose as a feed additive in pig feed.]","volume":"110","author":"Kamphues","year":"2003","journal-title":"Deutsche Tier\u00e4rztliche Wochenschrift"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731107661850_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1177\/014860710402800122","article-title":"Effects of prefeeding a prebiotic on diarrhea and colonic cell proliferation in piglets fed lactulose","volume":"28","author":"Kien","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731107661850_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026672306929","article-title":"Lactulose feeding in piglets: a model for persistent diarrhoea and colitis induced by severe sugar malabsorption","volume":"44","author":"Kien","year":"1999","journal-title":"Digestive Disease and Science"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731107661850_bib0019","first-page":"1","article-title":"Oligofructose and long-chain inulin: influence on the gut microbial ecology of rats associated with human faecal flora","volume":"80","author":"Kleesen","year":"2001","journal-title":"British Journal of Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731107661850_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.64","article-title":"Increased colonic luminal synthesis of butyric acid is associated with lowered colonic cell proliferation in piglets","volume":"136","author":"Klien","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731107661850_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-002-1104-5","article-title":"Effects of lactulose on the intestinal microflora of periparturient sows and their piglets","volume":"41","author":"Krueger","year":"2002","journal-title":"European Journal of Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731107661850_bib0022","unstructured":"Landwirtschaftskammer Westfalen Lippe and Universit\u00e4t Leipzig 2003. [Lactulose \u2013 an method for resolution during gastro-intestinal disease in animals for production.] Symposium, 29 January, M\u00fcnster, Germany."},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731107661850_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.2527\/1999.7751113x","article-title":"Physiological changes and digestive capabilities of newly received feedlot cattle","volume":"77","author":"Loerch","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Animal Science"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731107661850_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/S0271-5317(00)00286-4","article-title":"Probiotics in clinical practice: a critical review of the evidence","volume":"21","author":"McNaught","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nutrition Research"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731107661850_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.20897","article-title":"Butyric acid induces apoptosis by up-regulating Bax expression via stimulation of the c- Jun N-terminal kinase\/activation protein-1 pathway in human colon cancer cells","volume":"120","author":"Mandal","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731107661850_bib0026","series-title":"Biochemistry and Physiology","first-page":"29","article-title":"Probiotics and prebiotics in pig nutrition \u2013 alternatives for antibiotics? In Selected topics in animal nutrition","author":"Mosenthin","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731107661850_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1053\/rvsc.2001.0448","article-title":"Thirty minutes transport causes small intestinal acidosis in pigs","volume":"70","author":"Nabuurs","year":"2001","journal-title":"Research in Veterinary Science"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731107661850_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN20051531","article-title":"Short-chain fatty acid formation in the hindgut of rats fed oligosaccharides varying in monomeric composition, degree of polymerisation and solubility","volume":"94","author":"Nilsson","year":"2005","journal-title":"British Journal of Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731107661850_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2322","DOI":"10.2527\/2003.8192322x","article-title":"Effects of dexamethasone on lymphoid tissue in the gut and thymus of neonatal calves fed with colostrum or milk replacer","volume":"81","author":"Norrman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Animal Science"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731107661850_bib0030","series-title":"Searching for alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731107661850_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(06)72085-9","article-title":"Effects of additional milk replacer feeding on calf health, growth, and selected blood metabolites in calves","volume":"89","author":"Quigley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Dairy Science"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731107661850_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-635X2005000400005","article-title":"Intestinal mucosa development in broiler chickens fed natural growth promoters","volume":"7","author":"Pelicano","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731107661850_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114500006024","article-title":"Prebiotics and synbiotics: concept and nutritional properties","volume":"80","author":"Roberfroid","year":"1998","journal-title":"British Journal of Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731107661850_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3313","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(03)73933-2","article-title":"C-reactive protein and antibacterial activity in blood plasma of colostrom-fed calves and the effect of lactulose","volume":"86","author":"Schroedl","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Dairy Science"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731107661850_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-002-1103-6","article-title":"Medical, nutritional and technological properties of lactulose. An update","volume":"41","author":"Schumann","year":"2002","journal-title":"European Journal of Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731107661850_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.7.2.200","article-title":"Psychoneuroimmunology: stress effects on pathogenesis and immunity during infection","volume":"7","author":"Sheridan","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731107661850_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022029900027904","article-title":"Growth of lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria on lactose and lactose-related mono-, di- and trisaccharides and correlation with distribution of beta-galactosidase and phospho-beta-galactosidase","volume":"60","author":"Smart","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Dairy Research"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731107661850_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G7","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.2001.280.1.G7","article-title":"Stress and the gastrointestinal tract II. Stress and intestinal barrier function","volume":"280","author":"Soderholm","year":"2001","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731107661850_bib0039","series-title":"Sigma Stat 3.0","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731107661850_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1080\/17450399009428406","article-title":"Probiotics in animal nutrition: a review","volume":"40","author":"Vanbelle","year":"1990","journal-title":"Archiv f\u00fcr Tierern\u00e4hrung"}],"container-title":["Animal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1751731107661850?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1751731107661850?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1751731107661850","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T23:00:33Z","timestamp":1761692433000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1751731107661850"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007]]}},"alternative-id":["S1751731107661850"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1751731107661850","relation":{},"ISSN":["1751-7311"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1751-7311","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effect of lactulose on growth performance and intestinal morphology of pre-ruminant calves using a milk replacer containing Enterococcus faecium","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Animal","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1751731107661850","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2007 The Animal Consortium. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}