{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T14:01:57Z","timestamp":1791554517628,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]],"date-time":"2020-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606694400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":699,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006533","name":"Ministerstvo Zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MZE-RO0718"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MZE-RO0718"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006533","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Animal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"DOI":"10.1017\/s1751731119000041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,14]],"date-time":"2019-02-14T05:47:31Z","timestamp":1550123251000},"page":"2025-2033","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Effects of three husbandry systems on health, welfare and productivity of organic pigs"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1242-9731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.","family":"Leeb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Rudolph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Bochicchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Fr\u00fch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Holinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Holmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Illmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Knop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Prunier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Rousing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Winckler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Dippel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731119000041_ref1","unstructured":"Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board 2018. Costings and herd performance. Retrieved on 30 November 2018 from https:\/\/pork.ahdb.org.uk\/prices-stats\/costings-herd-performance\/."},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731119000041_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/2055-5660-1-4","article-title":"A comparison between lesions found during meat inspection of finishing pigs raised under organic\/free-range conditions and conventional, indoor conditions","volume":"1","author":"Alban","year":"2015","journal-title":"Porcine Health Management"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731119000041_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1017\/S0962728600026294","article-title":"Husbandry and animal health on organic pig farms in Austria","volume":"12","author":"Baumgartner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Animal Welfare"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731119000041_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731111001224","article-title":"Alternative farrowing accommodation: welfare and economic aspects of existing farrowing and lactation systems for pigs","volume":"6","author":"Baxter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731119000041_ref5","unstructured":"Bernardi F 2015. Tiergesundheit und Wohlergehen von Bioschweinen in \u00d6sterreich und Evaluierung der Implementierung von Betriebsentwicklungspl\u00e4nen hinsichtlich F\u00fctterung und \u00d6konomie. Doctoral thesis, University of Natural Ressources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria."},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731119000041_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2010.01.009","article-title":"Evaluation of sensitivity and specificity of routine meat inspection of Danish slaughter pigs using latent class analysis","volume":"94","author":"Bonde","year":"2010","journal-title":"Preventive Veterinary Medicine"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731119000041_ref7","first-page":"1","article-title":"Council Regulation (EC) No 834\/2007 on organic production and labelling of organic products","volume":"L 189","year":"2007","journal-title":"Official Journal of the European Union"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731119000041_ref8","unstructured":"Council of the European Union 2008. Commission Regulation (EC) No 889\/2008 laying down detailed rules for the implementation of Council Regulation (EC) No 834\/2007 on organic production and labelling of organic products with regard to organic production, labelling and control, Official Journal of the European Union L 250, 1\u201384."},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731119000041_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1017\/S0962728600026300","article-title":"Towards a baseline assessment of organic pig welfare","volume":"12","author":"Day","year":"2003","journal-title":"Animal Welfare"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731119000041_ref10","series-title":"Condition scoring of pigs, DEFRA publications 3480","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731119000041_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s13165-013-0041-3","article-title":"Health and welfare of organic pigs in Europe assessed with animal-based parameters","volume":"4","author":"Dippel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Organic Agriculture"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731119000041_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s13165-014-0078-y","article-title":"Special issue\u2014organic pig production in Europe\u2014animal health, welfare and production challenges","volume":"4","author":"Edwards","year":"2014","journal-title":"Organic Agriculture"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731119000041_ref13","unstructured":"European Comission 2016. No title. Retrieved on 18 May 2018 from http:\/\/appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu\/nui\/submitViewTableAction.do."},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731119000041_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s13165-013-0056-9","article-title":"Description of organic pig production in Europe","volume":"4","author":"Fr\u00fch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Organic Agriculture"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731119000041_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.54846\/jshap\/583","article-title":"Coliform mastitis in sows: a review","volume":"17","author":"Gerjets","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Swine Health and Production"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731119000041_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-6226(01)00327-X","article-title":"Health conditions of two genotypes of growing-finishing pig in three different housing systems: implications for welfare","volume":"75","author":"Guy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Livestock Production Science"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731119000041_ref17","first-page":"65","article-title":"A simple sequentially rejective multiple test procedure","volume":"6","author":"Holm","year":"1979","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Statistics"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731119000041_ref18","series-title":"The IFOAM norms for organic production and processing","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731119000041_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.17236\/sat00047","article-title":"Erhebung von Risikofaktoren f\u00fcr Mastitis-Metritis-Agalaktie in Schweinebetrieben in der Schweiz","volume":"157","author":"Jenny","year":"2015","journal-title":"Schweizer Archiv f\u00fcr Tierheilkunde"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731119000041_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S1573-5214(06)80005-9","article-title":"Animal health in organic livestock production systems: a review","volume":"54","author":"Kijlstra","year":"2006","journal-title":"NJAS - Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731119000041_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-5-30","article-title":"A cross sectional study of the prevalence, risk factors and population attributable fractions for limb and body lesions in lactating sows on commercial farms in England","volume":"5","author":"KilBride","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Veterinary Research"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731119000041_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731113001900","article-title":"Herd- and sow-related risk factors for lameness in organic and conventional sow herds","volume":"8","author":"Knage-Rasmussen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731119000041_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.04.016","article-title":"Lesions found at routine meat inspection on finishing pigs are associated with production system","volume":"223","author":"Kongsted","year":"2017","journal-title":"Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731119000041_ref33","unstructured":"Landbrug and F\u00f8devarer F.m.b.A. 2018. Pig production in Denmark. Retrieved on 30 November 2018 from http:\/\/www.pigresearchcentre.dk\/."},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731119000041_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s13165-013-0054-y","article-title":"Animal health, welfare and production problems in organic weaner pigs","volume":"4","author":"Leeb","year":"2014","journal-title":"Organic Agriculture"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731119000041_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-6226(02)00321-4","article-title":"Research on animal health and welfare in organic farming: a literature review","volume":"80","author":"Lund","year":"2003","journal-title":"Livestock Production Science"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731119000041_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2009.03.008","article-title":"The effect of sampling strategy on the estimated prevalence of welfare outcome measures on finishing pig farms","volume":"119","author":"Mullan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731119000041_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2013.06.003","article-title":"Assessment of lameness and claw lesions in sows","volume":"156","author":"Nalon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Livestock Science"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731119000041_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731117000246","article-title":"The \u2018Real Welfare\u2019 scheme: benchmarking welfare outcomes for commercially farmed pigs","volume":"11","author":"Pandolfi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731119000041_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/s13165-013-0040-4","article-title":"Characteristics of organic pig farms in selected European countries and their possible influence on litter size and piglet mortality","volume":"4","author":"Prunier","year":"2014","journal-title":"Organic Agriculture"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731119000041_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731117002178","article-title":"Sow level risk factors for early piglet mortality and crushing in organic outdoor production","volume":"12","author":"Rangstrup-Christensen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731119000041_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2007.07.006","article-title":"Effects of space allowance on the welfare of dry sows kept in dynamic groups and fed with an electronic sow feeder","volume":"112","author":"Remience","year":"2008","journal-title":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731119000041_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3796","DOI":"10.3390\/su10103796","article-title":"Effect of three husbandry systems on environmental impact of organic pigs","volume":"10","author":"Rudolph","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731119000041_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-6226(02)00171-9","article-title":"Performance, site preferences, foraging and excretory behaviour in relation to feed allowance of growing pigs on pasture","volume":"79","author":"Stern","year":"2003","journal-title":"Livestock Production Science"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731119000041_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.3390\/ani3041021","article-title":"Animal health and welfare issues facing organic production systems","volume":"3","author":"Sutherland","year":"2013","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731119000041_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.08.028","article-title":"Tail-biting: a new perspective","volume":"186","author":"Taylor","year":"2010","journal-title":"Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731119000041_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2012.03.004","article-title":"Prevalence of risk factors for tail biting on commercial farms and intervention strategies","volume":"194","author":"Taylor","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731119000041_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2011.01.013","article-title":"Assessment of animal welfare through behavioural parameters in Iberian pigs in intensive and extensive conditions","volume":"131","author":"Temple","year":"2011","journal-title":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731119000041_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1017\/S0962728600002438","article-title":"Animal welfare and economic optimisation of farrowing systems","volume":"20","author":"Vosough Ahmadi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Animal Welfare"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731119000041_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2004.10.011","article-title":"Tail-biting in outdoor pig production","volume":"171","author":"Walker","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731119000041_ref41","unstructured":"Welfare Quality\u00ae Consortium 2009. Welfare Quality\u00ae assessment protocol for pigs (sows and piglets, growing and finishing pigs) (Welfare Quality\u00ae Consortium, Lelystad, The Netherlands"},{"key":"10.1017\/S1751731119000041_ref42","unstructured":"Willer H, Schaack D and Lernoud J 2017. Organic farming and market development in Europe. In The world of organic agriculture. Statistics and emerging trends 2017 (ed. H Willer and J Lernoud), pp. 207\u2013243. FiBL & IFOAM \u2013 Organics International, Frick and Bonn, Switzerland and Germany"}],"container-title":["Animal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1751731119000041?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1751731119000041?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1751731119000041","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T23:33:40Z","timestamp":1761694420000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1751731119000041"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]}},"alternative-id":["S1751731119000041"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1751731119000041","relation":{},"ISSN":["1751-7311"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1751-7311","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effects of three husbandry systems on health, welfare and productivity of organic pigs","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Animal","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1751731119000041","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2019 The Animal Consortium. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}