{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:48:52Z","timestamp":1793494132081,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]],"date-time":"2023-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681948800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":109,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["tCBT"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:p>Traumatic loss is associated with high rates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and appears to inhibit the natural process of grieving, meaning that patients who develop PTSD after loss trauma are also at risk of experiencing enduring grief. Here we present how to treat PTSD arising from traumatic bereavement with cognitive therapy (CT-PTSD; Ehlers <jats:italic>et al<\/jats:italic>., 2005). The paper describes the core components of CT-PTSD for bereavement trauma with illustrative examples, and clarifies how the therapy differs from treating PTSD associated with trauma where there is no loss of a significant other. A core aim of the treatment is to help the patient to shift their focus from loss to what has not been lost, from a focus on their loved one being gone to considering how they may take their loved one forward in an abstract, meaningful way to achieve a sense of continuity in the present with what has been lost in the past. This is often achieved with imagery transformation, a significant component of the memory updating procedure in CT-PTSD for bereavement trauma. We also consider how to approach complexities, such as suicide trauma, loss of a loved one in a conflicted relationship, pregnancy loss and loss of life caused by the patient.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S1754470X23000041_s1\" sec-type=\"other\">\n\t    <jats:title>Key learning aims<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>\n\t      <jats:list list-type=\"number\">\n\t\t<jats:list-item>\n\t\t  <jats:label>(1)<\/jats:label>\n\t\t  <jats:p>To be able to apply Ehlers and Clark\u2019s (2000) cognitive model to PTSD arising from bereavement trauma.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t<\/jats:list-item>\n\t\t<jats:list-item>\n\t\t  <jats:label>(2)<\/jats:label>\n\t\t  <jats:p>To recognise how the core treatment components differ for PTSD associated with traumatic bereavement than for PTSD linked to trauma where there is no loss of life.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t<\/jats:list-item>\n\t\t<jats:list-item>\n\t\t  <jats:label>(3)<\/jats:label>\n\t\t  <jats:p>To discover how to conduct imagery transformation for the memory updating procedure in CT-PTSD for loss trauma.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t<\/jats:list-item>\n\t      <\/jats:list>\n\t    <\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1754470x23000041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]],"date-time":"2023-04-20T21:28:12Z","timestamp":1682026092000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Moving forward with the loss of a loved one: treating PTSD following traumatic bereavement with cognitive therapy"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5463-1711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer","family":"Wild","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Duffy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anke","family":"Ehlers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1754470X23000041_ref101","unstructured":"American Psychological Association (2017). Clinical practice guideline for the treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in adults. http:\/\/www.apa.org\/ptsd-guideline\/ptsd.pdf"},{"key":"S1754470X23000041_ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/014466599162836"},{"key":"S1754470X23000041_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01113.2002"},{"key":"S1754470X23000041_ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39021.846852.BE"},{"key":"S1754470X23000041_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2013.13040552"},{"key":"S1754470X23000041_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0001087"},{"key":"S1754470X23000041_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1754470X15000677"},{"key":"S1754470X23000041_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(99)00123-0"},{"key":"S1754470X23000041_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20823"},{"key":"S1754470X23000041_ref003","unstructured":"Kubany, E. S. , & Ralston, T. C. (2006). Cognitive therapy for trauma-related guilt and shame. In Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies for Trauma, eds Victoria C. Follette and Josef Ruzek. Guilford Press: New York."},{"key":"S1754470X23000041_ref100","unstructured":"National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence (2018). Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ng116."},{"key":"S1754470X23000041_ref2","article-title":"Living with loss: a cognitive approach to complicated and traumatic grief","author":"Duffy","year":"2023","journal-title":"the Cognitive Behaviour Therapist"},{"key":"S1754470X23000041_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1754470X22000393"},{"key":"S1754470X23000041_ref3","first-page":"135","article-title":"Understanding and treating complicated grief: what can we learn from posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"13","author":"Ehlers","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice"},{"key":"S1754470X23000041_ref106","volume-title":"Treating the trauma of rape. 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Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy."},{"key":"S1754470X23000041_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1997.0286"},{"key":"S1754470X23000041_ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.11.3.303"},{"key":"S1754470X23000041_ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(00)00088-7"},{"key":"S1754470X23000041_ref1","first-page":"109","article-title":"A cognitive-behavioral conceptualization of complicated grief","volume":"13","author":"Boelen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice"},{"key":"S1754470X23000041_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2004.03.006"},{"key":"S1754470X23000041_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2004.2970"},{"key":"S1754470X23000041_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1754470X17000034"},{"key":"S1754470X23000041_ref102","unstructured":"International Society of Traumatic Stress Studies (2019). Posttraumatic stress disorder prevention and treatment guidelines. Retrieved from: http:\/\/www.istss.org\/getattachment\/Treating-Trauma\/New-ISTSS-Prevention-and-Treatment-Guidelines\/ISTSS_PreventionTreatmentGuidelines_FNL.pdf.aspx"},{"key":"S1754470X23000041_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2020.1789325"},{"key":"S1754470X23000041_ref004","unstructured":"White, M. (1989). \u2018Saying \u201cHullo\u201d Again: the incorporation of the lost relationship in the resolution of grief\u2019, Essay in Selected Papers. Adelaide, South Australia: Dulwich Centre Publications."},{"key":"S1754470X23000041_ref21","unstructured":"Weathers, F. W. , Litz, B. T. , Keane, T. M. , Palmieri, P. A. , Marx, B. P. , & Schnurr, P. P. (2013). The PTSD checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). Scale available from the National Center for PTSD at: www.ptsd.va.gov"},{"key":"S1754470X23000041_ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07481180590962659"},{"key":"S1754470X23000041_ref14","article-title":"Cognitive therapy for PTSD following birth trauma: clinical considerations","author":"Kerr","year":"2022","journal-title":"the Cognitive Behaviour Therapist"},{"key":"S1754470X23000041_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0031290"},{"key":"S1754470X23000041_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.10.1024"},{"key":"S1754470X23000041_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2020.1785818"},{"key":"S1754470X23000041_ref9","unstructured":"Ehlers, A. , Grey, N. , Warnock-Parkes, E. , Wild, J. , Stott, R. , & Clark, D. M. (2023). Effectiveness of cognitive therapy in routine clinical care: second phase implementation (manuscript submitted for publication)."},{"key":"S1754470X23000041_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-020-4176-8"},{"key":"S1754470X23000041_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2020.1785818"}],"container-title":["The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1754470X23000041","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]],"date-time":"2023-05-05T03:04:42Z","timestamp":1683255882000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1754470X23000041\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["S1754470X23000041"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1754470x23000041","relation":{},"ISSN":["1754-470X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1754-470X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"article-number":"e12"}}