{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T22:59:39Z","timestamp":1784847579035,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,20]],"date-time":"2012-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1342742400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Dev Orig Health Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Population aging and subsequent projected large increases in chronic conditions will be important health concerns in low- and middle-income countries. Although evidence is accumulating, little is known regarding the impact of poor early-life conditions on older adult (50 years and older) health in these settings. A systematic review of 1141 empirical studies was conducted to identify population-based and community studies in low- and middle-income countries, which examined associations between early-life conditions and older adult health. The resulting review of 20 studies revealed strong associations between (1)<jats:italic>in utero<\/jats:italic>\/early infancy exposures (independent of other early life and adult conditions) and adult heart disease and diabetes; (2) poor nutrition during childhood and difficulties in adult cognition and diabetes; (3) specific childhood illnesses such as rheumatic fever and malaria and adult heart disease and mortality; (4) poor childhood health and adult functionality\/disability and chronic diseases; (5) poor childhood socioeconomic status (SES) and adult mortality, functionality\/disability and cognition; and (6) parental survival during childhood and adult functionality\/disability and cognition. In several instances, associations remained strong even after controlling for adult SES and lifestyle. Although exact mechanisms cannot be identified, these studies reinforce to some extent the importance of early-life environment on health at older ages. Given the paucity of cohort data from the developing world to examine hypotheses of early-life conditions and older adult health, population-based studies are relevant in providing a broad perspective on the origins of adult health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s2040174412000499","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,20]],"date-time":"2012-07-20T23:50:10Z","timestamp":1342828210000},"page":"10-29","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["Early-life conditions and older adult health in low- and middle-income countries: a review"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"McEniry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.05.013"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/713779096"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref102","unstructured":"National Research Council. Preparing for an Aging World: The Case for Cross-national Research. Panel on a Research Agenda and New Data for an Aging World, Committee on Population and Committee on National Statistics, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, 2001. National Academy Press, Washington, DC."},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref101","volume-title":"Why Population Aging Matters: A Global Perspective","year":"2007"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref100","unstructured":"Almond D , Bleakly H , Ferrie J , Mazumder B , Rolf K , Troesken W . Healthy, wealthy, and wise? Physical, economic, & cognitive effects of early life conditions on later life outcomes in the US: 1915\u20132005. Presented at the National Poverty Center's Conference on The Long-run Impact of Early Life Events II, March 12\u201313, 2009, Ann Arbor, MI."},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goldman N , Weinstein M , Chang MC et al. 2000 Social Environment and Biomarkers of Aging Study in Taiwan (SEBAS). Working paper series 2003\u201308, 2003. Office of Population Research, Princeton University.","DOI":"10.3886\/ICPSR03792.v4"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19485565.2012.666121"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1991.tb02495.x"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0611500104"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00324720802621583"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0898264305285664"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2010.05.013"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181ae7c90"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/dem.2010.0005"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.09.040"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0019675"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00324720802626921"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/dem.2004.0005"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0898264311422255"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607182006003226"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1080\/19485565.2005.9989105","article-title":"Childhood predictors of late-life diabetes: the case of Mexico","volume":"52","author":"Kohler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Soc Biol"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470316696"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref52","volume-title":"Obesity: Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic. Report of a WHO Consultation","year":"2000a."},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.21.9.1414"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9136(199712)14:5+<S7::AID-DIA522>3.3.CO;2-I"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref49","volume-title":"Global Health Statistics: Global Burden of Disease and Injury Series","author":"Murray","year":"1996"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref47","volume-title":"An Aging World: 2008. U.S. Census Bureau, International Population Reports, P95\/09-1","author":"Kinsella","year":"2009"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.02.007"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref53","volume-title":"The World Health Report 2000. Health Systems: Improving Performance","year":"2000b."},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.3.874S"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/dem.0.0093"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.20679"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(98)00180-4"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0708473"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S2040174409990031"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0145553200017703"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1353\/dem.2007.0033","article-title":"Healthy longevity at the oldest-old ages in China","volume":"44","author":"Yi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Demography"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref4","first-page":"545","article-title":"Fetal, infant, and childhood growth are predictors of coronary heart disease, diabetes, and hypertension in adult men and women","volume":"108","author":"Osmond","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3016.1997.d01-7.x"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1515\/9781685858803","volume-title":"Changing social security in Latin America: toward alleviating the costs of economic reform","author":"Mesa-Lago","year":"1994"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref20","first-page":"77","volume-title":"A life course approach to chronic disease epidemiology","author":"Davey Smith","year":"2004"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/105477302237454"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/PNS19940061"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.02.017"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/28.6.1088"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006590"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14335-8"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.20998"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref6","unstructured":"MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit. Cohorts, Updated 2011. Retrieved 9 July 2012, from http:\/\/www.mrc.soton.ac.uk\/index.asp?page=245"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.316.7145.1631"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyn125"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref27","volume-title":"Mothers, Babies and Health in Later Life","author":"Barker","year":"1998"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2112301"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02725"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2008.077818"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref19","unstructured":"Almond D , Currie J . Human capital development before age five. NBER Working Paper No. 15827, 2010."},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-10349-4"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref56","volume-title":"Am\u00e9rica Latina: una regi\u00f3n en riesgo, pobreza, inequidad e institucionalidad social [Latin America: A Region in Risk, Poverty, Inequity, and Social Institutionalism]","author":"Klinsberg","year":"2000"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009784"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9515.00063"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1092556"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref48","volume-title":"An Aging World. US Bureau of the Census","author":"Kinsella","year":"2001"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/63.6.S337"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.20995"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref44","volume-title":"Social Determinants of Health: The Solid Facts","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2003"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13524-010-0003-2"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20770"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intjepid\/31.2.383"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref41","unstructured":"Popkin BM , Horton S , Kim S . The nutritional transition and diet-related chronic diseases in Asia: implications for prevention. Food Consumption and Nutrition Division Discussion Paper No. 105, 2001."},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780198528487.001.0001"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref96","first-page":"439","article-title":"An epidemiology of disability among adults in the United States. The Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly","volume":"54","author":"Nagi","year":"1976","journal-title":"Health and Society"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref40","volume-title":"Interaction of Nutrition and Infection","author":"Scrimshaw","year":"1968"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.102.3.602"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1080\/19485565.2005.9989107","article-title":"Using anthropometric indicators for Mexicans in the United States and Mexico to understand the selection of migrants and the \u201cHispanic Paradox\u201d","volume":"5","author":"Crimmins","year":"2005","journal-title":"Soc Biol"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref61","unstructured":"World Bank. How we Classify Countries, 2011. Retrieved 9 July 2012, from http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/about\/country-classifications."},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/dem.2010.0007"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2061752"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780198578154.001.0001"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00019442-200502000-00005"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3644718"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2005.00183.x"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref16","first-page":"1","article-title":"Influences of early life conditions on old age mortality in old Qu\u00e9bec","volume":"5","author":"Gagnon","year":"2006","journal-title":"PSC Discussion Papers Series"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref80","unstructured":"Brenes-Camacho G , Palloni A . Malaria survivors during early life, health at old age, and stroke mortality in Costa Rica. Prepared for the Seminar on Lifespan Extension and the Biology of Changing Cause-of-Death Profiles: Evolutionary and Epidemiological Perspectives. IUSSP Scientific Panel on Evolutionary Perspectives in Demography, Rauischholzhausen, Germany, 13\u201315 January 2011."},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801205"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/jep.25.3.153"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref46","unstructured":"Elo IT , Martikainen P , Myrskyl\u00e4 M . Early life conditions and cause-specific mortality in Finland. Working paper 10-04, University of Pennsylvania Population Aging Research Center, 2010."},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref21","first-page":"10","article-title":"Living conditions in childhood and subsequent development of risk factors for arteriosclerotic heart disease","volume":"49","author":"Forsdahl","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Commun H"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref29","first-page":"125","article-title":"Becoming oldest-old: evidence from historical U.S. data","volume":"LXI","author":"Costa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Genus"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1080\/19485565.2005.9989106","article-title":"The influence of early conditions on health status among elderly Puerto Ricans","volume":"52","author":"Palloni","year":"2005","journal-title":"Soc Biol"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-031210-101234"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.esr.a036593"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03014469500003702"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0013582"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511544699"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.317.7169.1350"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-197605001-00018"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/dem.2007.0003"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.17.2037"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802716"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref86","volume-title":"Physical Examination and Health Assessment","author":"Jarvis","year":"1996"},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref65","unstructured":"Brenes G . The effect of early life events on the burden of diabetes mellitus among Costa Rican elderly: estimates and projections. PhD Dissertation, 2008. University of Wisconsin, Madison."},{"key":"S2040174412000499_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.08.026"}],"container-title":["Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S2040174412000499","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,27]],"date-time":"2024-04-27T09:48:05Z","timestamp":1714211285000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S2040174412000499\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,20]]},"references-count":103,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S2040174412000499"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s2040174412000499","relation":{},"ISSN":["2040-1744","2040-1752"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2040-1744","type":"print"},{"value":"2040-1752","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,20]]}}}