{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T00:55:44Z","timestamp":1789865744151,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,27]],"date-time":"2015-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1440633600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Dev Orig Health Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and postnatal catch-up growth confer an increased risk of adult-onset disease. Overnourishment of adolescent ewes generates IUGR in \u223c50% of lambs, which subsequently exhibit increased fractional growth rates. We investigated putative epigenetic changes underlying this early postnatal phenotype by quantifying gene-specific methylation at cytosine:guanine (CpG) dinucleotides. Hepatic DNA\/RNA was extracted from IUGR [eight male (M)\/nine female (F)] and normal birth weight (12 M\/9 F) lambs. Polymerase chain reaction was performed using primers targeting CpG islands in 10 genes: insulin, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor (<jats:italic>IGF<\/jats:italic>)<jats:italic>1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>IGF2<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>H19<\/jats:italic>, insulin receptor, growth hormone receptor, IGF receptors 1 and 2, and the glucocorticoid receptor. Using pyrosequencing, methylation status was determined by quantifying cytosine:thymine ratios at 57 CpG sites. Messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of IGF system genes and plasma IGF1\/insulin were determined. DNA methylation was independent of IUGR status but sexual dimorphism in <jats:italic>IGF1<\/jats:italic> methylation was evident (M&lt;F, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.008). <jats:italic>IGF1<\/jats:italic> mRNA:18S and plasma IGF1 were M&gt;F (both <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001). <jats:italic>IGF1<\/jats:italic> mRNA expression correlated negatively with <jats:italic>IGF1<\/jats:italic> methylation (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>=\u22120.507, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.002) and positively with plasma IGF1 (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>=0.884, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001). Carcass and empty body weights were greater in males (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.002\u20130.014) and this gender difference in early body conformation was mirrored by sexual dimorphism in hepatic <jats:italic>IGF1<\/jats:italic> DNA methylation, mRNA expression and plasma IGF1 concentrations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s2040174415001415","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,27]],"date-time":"2015-08-27T07:25:05Z","timestamp":1440660305000},"page":"558-572","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Hepatic <i>IGF1<\/i> DNA methylation is influenced by gender but not by intrauterine growth restriction in the young lamb"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5421-5395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D. J.","family":"Carr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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