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Our study is based on a cohort of 12,564 singletons born between 1915 and 1929 at the Uppsala University Hospital. We fitted Cox regression models to estimate age-varying hazard ratios of all-cause mortality for absolute and relative birth weight and for gestational age. We found that associations with mortality vary by age and according to the measure under scrutiny, with effects being concentrated in infancy, childhood or early adult life. For example, the effect of low birth weight was greatest in the first year of life and then continued up to 44 years of age (HR between 2.82 and 1.51). These associations were confirmed in within-family analyses, which provided no evidence of residual confounding by maternal characteristics. Our findings support the interpretation that policies oriented towards improving population health should invest in birth outcomes and hence in maternal health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s2040174416000179","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,3]],"date-time":"2016-05-03T08:27:06Z","timestamp":1462264026000},"page":"374-383","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Birth characteristics and all-cause mortality: a sibling analysis using the Uppsala birth cohort multigenerational study"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Ju\u00e1rez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Goodman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"De Stavola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Koupil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2040174416000179_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyq267"},{"key":"S2040174416000179_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2007.01799.x"},{"key":"S2040174416000179_ref31","first-page":"317","article-title":"Birth characteristics and early-life social charactristics predict unequal educational outcomes across the life course and across generations","volume":"1","author":"Goodman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Longit Life Course Stud"},{"key":"S2040174416000179_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2004.026518"},{"key":"S2040174416000179_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780198578154.003.0008","volume-title":"A Life Course Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology","author":"Gillman","year":"2004"},{"key":"S2040174416000179_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/12.3.319"},{"key":"S2040174416000179_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e31825fa230"},{"key":"S2040174416000179_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511544699"},{"key":"S2040174416000179_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.311.6998.171"},{"key":"S2040174416000179_ref30","unstructured":"Meddelanden i samordningsfr\u00e5gor [Report on co-ordination issues], 1989. 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