{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T12:14:34Z","timestamp":1776082474899,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,4]],"date-time":"2016-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1467590400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Dev Orig Health Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The study of very early pregnancy loss is impractical in the general population, but possible amongst infertility patients receiving carefully monitored treatments. We examined the association between fetal loss and the risk of birth defects in the surviving co-twin in a retrospective cohort study of infertility patients within an infertility clinic in South Australia from January 1986 to December 2002, linked to population registries for births, terminations and birth defects. The study population consisted of a total of 5683 births. Births from singleton pregnancies without loss were compared with survivors from (1) pregnancies with an empty fetal sac at 6\u20138 weeks after embryo transfer, (2) fetal loss subsequent to 8-week ultrasound and (3) multiple pregnancy continuing to birth. Odds ratios (OR) for birth defects were calculated with adjustment for confounders. Amongst infertility patients, the prevalence of birth defects was 7.9% for all twin pregnancies without fetal loss compared with 14.6% in pregnancies in which there had been an empty sac at ultrasound, and 11.6% for pregnancies with fetal loss after 6\u20138 weeks. Compared with singleton pregnancies without loss, the presence of an empty sac was associated with an increased risk of any defect (OR=1.90, 95% confidence intervals (CI)=1.09\u20133.30) and with multiple defects (OR=2.87, 95% CI=1.31\u20136.28). Twin pregnancies continuing to birth without loss were not associated with an overall increased prevalence of defects. We conclude that the observed loss of a co-twin by 6\u20138 weeks of pregnancy is related to the risk of major birth defects in the survivor.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s2040174416000301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,4]],"date-time":"2016-07-04T09:51:06Z","timestamp":1467625866000},"page":"678-684","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Spontaneous loss of a co-twin and the risk of birth defects after assisted conception"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"M. 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M.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2040174416000301_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa010035"},{"key":"S2040174416000301_ref18","first-page":"13","article-title":"Mild ovarian stimulation for IVF","volume":"15","author":"Verberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"S2040174416000301_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.10093"},{"key":"S2040174416000301_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2009.11.015"},{"key":"S2040174416000301_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.06.048"},{"key":"S2040174416000301_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1375\/twin.12.1.79"},{"key":"S2040174416000301_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1008095"},{"key":"S2040174416000301_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14237-7"},{"key":"S2040174416000301_ref11","first-page":"177","article-title":"The vanishing twin: a review","volume":"4","author":"Landy","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"S2040174416000301_ref5","first-page":"409","article-title":"Predicting adverse obstetric outcome after early pregnancy events and complications: a review","volume":"15","author":"van Oppenraaij","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"S2040174416000301_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.118915"},{"key":"S2040174416000301_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/hmed.2006.67.8.21976"},{"key":"S2040174416000301_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/den436"},{"key":"S2040174416000301_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-09-0187"},{"key":"S2040174416000301_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dei142"},{"key":"S2040174416000301_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2010.02.058"},{"key":"S2040174416000301_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010258"},{"key":"S2040174416000301_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.04.026"},{"key":"S2040174416000301_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01657695"},{"key":"S2040174416000301_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dem225"},{"key":"S2040174416000301_ref14","unstructured":"SABD. South Australian Birth Defects Register, 2012. Retrieved 10 January 2016 from http:\/\/www.wch.sa.gov.au\/services\/az\/other\/phru\/birthdefect.html."},{"key":"S2040174416000301_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dei092"}],"container-title":["Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S2040174416000301","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,18]],"date-time":"2019-04-18T20:08:56Z","timestamp":1555618136000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S2040174416000301\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,4]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S2040174416000301"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s2040174416000301","relation":{},"ISSN":["2040-1744","2040-1752"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2040-1744","type":"print"},{"value":"2040-1752","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 Cambridge University Press and the International Society for Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 2016\u00a0","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}