{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T13:18:56Z","timestamp":1789996736220,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,2]],"date-time":"2019-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567382400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,2]],"date-time":"2019-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567382400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Dev Orig Health Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Use of the herbicide atrazine (ATR) is banned in the European Union; yet, it is still widely used in the USA and Australia. ATR is known to alter testosterone and oestrogen production and thus reproductive characteristics in numerous species. In this proof of concept study, we examined the effect of ATR exposure, at a supra-environmental dose (5 mg\/kg bw\/day), beginning on E9.5 <jats:italic>in utero<\/jats:italic>, prior to sexual differentiation of the reproductive tissues, until 26 weeks of age, on the development of the mouse penis. Notably, this is the first study to specifically investigate whether ATR can affect penis characteristics. We show that ATR exposure, beginning <jats:italic>in utero<\/jats:italic>, causes a shortening (demasculinisation) of penis structures and increases the incidence of hypospadias in mice. These data indicate the need for further studies of ATR on human reproductive development and fertility, especially considering its continued and widespread use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s2040174419000473","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,2]],"date-time":"2019-09-02T11:03:10Z","timestamp":1567422190000},"page":"246-249","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Atrazine induces penis abnormalities including hypospadias in mice"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Luke C.","family":"Govers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alesia P.","family":"Harper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bethany J.","family":"Finger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deidre M.","family":"Mattiske","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Pask","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6076-9781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark P.","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2040174419000473_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph8062265"},{"key":"S2040174419000473_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2015-1010"},{"key":"S2040174419000473_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-015-2095-y"},{"key":"S2040174419000473_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/pdb.prot4986"},{"key":"S2040174419000473_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.22708"},{"key":"S2040174419000473_ref19","unstructured":"19. Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority. Technical report: environmental assessment, 2004; Canberra, Australia. Available from: https:\/\/apvma.gov.au\/node\/14356 [cited 2018 Dec 23]."},{"key":"S2040174419000473_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000441988"},{"key":"S2040174419000473_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201802586RR"},{"key":"S2040174419000473_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2013.01.010"},{"key":"S2040174419000473_ref9","volume-title":"Refined Ecological Risk Assessment for Atrazine","author":"Farruggia","year":"2016"},{"key":"S2040174419000473_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.2550150312"},{"key":"S2040174419000473_ref8","first-page":"1","volume-title":"State of the Science of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals-2012","author":"Bergman","year":"2013"},{"key":"S2040174419000473_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.99107297"},{"key":"S2040174419000473_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00017.2015"},{"key":"S2040174419000473_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diff.2014.09.005"},{"key":"S2040174419000473_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmw036"},{"key":"S2040174419000473_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2009.12.006"},{"key":"S2040174419000473_ref23","first-page":"806","article-title":"Hormone-responsive genes in the SHH and WNT\/beta-catenin signaling pathways influence urethral closure and phallus growth","volume":"99","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"S2040174419000473_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.6417"},{"key":"S2040174419000473_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diff.2016.01.004"},{"key":"S2040174419000473_ref20","unstructured":"20. US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Interim Reregistration Eligibility Decision for Atrazine 2005, 2003; US EPA, Washington DC, USA."},{"key":"S2040174419000473_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.1275"},{"key":"S2040174419000473_ref18","first-page":"53","article-title":"Commission decision of 10 March 2004 concerning the non-inclusion of atrazine in Annex I to Council Directive 91\/414\/EEC and the withdrawal of authorisations for plant protection products containing this active substance","volume":"78","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Eur Union"},{"key":"S2040174419000473_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2006.112862"},{"key":"S2040174419000473_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000431010"}],"container-title":["Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S2040174419000473","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,20]],"date-time":"2020-05-20T03:04:28Z","timestamp":1589943868000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S2040174419000473\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,2]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S2040174419000473"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s2040174419000473","relation":{},"ISSN":["2040-1744","2040-1752"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2040-1744","type":"print"},{"value":"2040-1752","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 Cambridge University Press and the International Society for Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 2019\u00a0","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}