{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T22:55:46Z","timestamp":1773788146306,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,15]],"date-time":"2020-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586908800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Dev Orig Health Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chronic kidney disease continues to be under recognised and is associated with a significant global health burden and costs. An adverse intrauterine environment may result in a depleted nephron number and an increased risk of chronic kidney disease. Antenatal ultrasound was used to measure the foetal renal parenchymal thickness (RPT), as a novel method to estimate nephron number. Foetal renal artery blood flow was also assessed. This prospective, longitudinal study evaluated the foetal kidneys of 102 appropriately grown and 30 foetal growth-restricted foetuses between 20 and 37 weeks gestational age (GA) to provide vital knowledge on the influences foetal growth restriction has on the developing kidneys. The foetal RPT and renal artery blood flow were measured at least every 4 weeks using ultrasound. The RPT was found to be significantly thinner in growth-restricted foetuses compared to appropriately grown foetuses [likelihood ratio (LR) = 21.06, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> \u2264 0.0001] and the difference increases with GA. In foetuses with the same head circumference, a growth-restricted foetus was more likely to have a thinner parenchyma than an appropriately grown foetus (LR = 8.9, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.0028), supporting the principle that growth-restricted foetuses preferentially shunt blood towards the brain. No significant difference was seen in the renal arteries between appropriately grown and growth-restricted foetuses. Measurement of the RPT appears to be a more sensitive measure than current methods. It has the potential to identify infants with a possible reduced nephron endowment allowing for monitoring and interventions to be focused on individuals at a higher risk of developing future hypertension and chronic kidney disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s204017442000015x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,15]],"date-time":"2020-04-15T07:40:15Z","timestamp":1586936415000},"page":"184-192","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Can measurement of the foetal renal parenchymal thickness with ultrasound be used as an indirect measure of nephron number?"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7634-9546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonja","family":"Brennan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Watson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michal","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donna","family":"Rudd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yogavijayan","family":"Kandasamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"S204017442000015X_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5002343"},{"key":"S204017442000015X_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/1.4.335"},{"key":"S204017442000015X_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/136942"},{"key":"S204017442000015X_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MNH.0b013e3282f9b1a5"},{"key":"S204017442000015X_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfn431"},{"key":"S204017442000015X_ref11","first-page":"490","article-title":"Intrauterine growth restriction","volume":"99","author":"Resnik","year":"2002","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"S204017442000015X_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.09.2986"},{"key":"S204017442000015X_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2016.1152249"},{"key":"S204017442000015X_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2014.251"},{"key":"S204017442000015X_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.2001.00493.x"},{"key":"S204017442000015X_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.00930306"},{"key":"S204017442000015X_ref19","unstructured":"19. Townsville Hospital and Health Service Annual Report 2017-2018. Townsville Hospital and Health Service; 2018."},{"key":"S204017442000015X_ref48","first-page":"720 p","volume-title":"Maternal, Fetal, and Neonatal Physiology","author":"Blackburn","year":"2018"},{"key":"S204017442000015X_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radi.2015.05.001"},{"key":"S204017442000015X_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.15884"},{"key":"S204017442000015X_ref23","unstructured":"23. Core Team, R . R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. 2019. Available from: URL https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/."},{"key":"S204017442000015X_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1992.tb13726.x"},{"key":"S204017442000015X_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2016.10.006"},{"key":"S204017442000015X_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30576-7"},{"key":"S204017442000015X_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2017.09.017"},{"key":"S204017442000015X_ref32","first-page":"777","article-title":"Human intrauterine renal growth expressed in absolute number of glomeruli assessed by the disector method and Cavalieri principle","volume":"64","author":"Hinchliffe","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"S204017442000015X_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2008.12.042"},{"key":"S204017442000015X_ref24","unstructured":"24. RStudio Team. RStudio: Integrated Development Environment for R. RStudio, Inc. 2018. Available from: http:\/\/www.rstudio.com\/."},{"key":"S204017442000015X_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5002420"},{"key":"S204017442000015X_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2016.00042"},{"key":"S204017442000015X_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2011.368"},{"key":"S204017442000015X_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2007.10.006"},{"key":"S204017442000015X_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2003.270"},{"key":"S204017442000015X_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.02.008"},{"key":"S204017442000015X_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2013070746"},{"key":"S204017442000015X_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2017.06.033"},{"key":"S204017442000015X_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfv274"},{"key":"S204017442000015X_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5301\/jn.5000220"},{"key":"S204017442000015X_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-24277-4"},{"key":"S204017442000015X_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(85)90298-4"},{"key":"S204017442000015X_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.06101108"},{"key":"S204017442000015X_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60311-6"},{"key":"S204017442000015X_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2013.07.001"},{"key":"S204017442000015X_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-5629(97)00212-3"},{"key":"S204017442000015X_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.43.3.237"},{"key":"S204017442000015X_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2003.10.014"},{"key":"S204017442000015X_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0910169"},{"key":"S204017442000015X_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.19073"},{"key":"S204017442000015X_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.17.206441"},{"key":"S204017442000015X_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004670000539"},{"key":"S204017442000015X_ref25","unstructured":"25. Pinheiro, J , Bates, D , DebRoy, S , Sarkar, D , R Core Team. nlme: Linear and Nonlinear Mixed Effects Models. R package version 3.1-139. 2019. Available from: https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=nlme."},{"key":"S204017442000015X_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jml.2007.12.005"},{"key":"S204017442000015X_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-012-2376-5"},{"key":"S204017442000015X_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S2040174413000494"}],"container-title":["Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S204017442000015X","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]],"date-time":"2021-03-23T10:08:18Z","timestamp":1616494098000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S204017442000015X\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,15]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S204017442000015X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s204017442000015x","relation":{},"ISSN":["2040-1744","2040-1752"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2040-1744","type":"print"},{"value":"2040-1752","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 Cambridge University Press and the International Society for Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 2020","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}