{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T19:38:12Z","timestamp":1775590692704,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,21]],"date-time":"2022-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650499200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Dev Orig Health Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Animal and human data demonstrate independent relationships between fetal growth, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function (HPA-A) and adult cardiometabolic outcomes. While the association between fetal growth and adult cardiometabolic outcomes is well-established, the role of the HPA-A in these relationships is unclear. This study aims to determine whether HPA-A function mediates or moderates this relationship. Approximately 2900 pregnant women were recruited between 1989-1991 in the Raine Study. Detailed anthropometric data was collected at birth (per cent optimal birthweight [POBW]). The Trier Social Stress Test was administered to the offspring (Generation 2; Gen2) at 18 years; HPA-A responses were determined (reactive responders [RR], anticipatory responders [AR] and non-responders [NR]). Cardiometabolic parameters (BMI, systolic BP [sBP] and LDL cholesterol) were measured at 20 years. Regression modelling demonstrated linear associations between POBW and BMI and sBP; quadratic associations were observed for LDL cholesterol. For every 10% increase in POBW, there was a 0.54 unit increase in BMI (standard error [SE] 0.15) and a 0.65 unit decrease in sBP (SE 0.34). The interaction between participant\u2019s fetal growth and HPA-A phenotype was strongest for sBP in young adulthood. Interactions for BMI and LDL-C were non-significant. Decomposition of the total effect revealed no causal evidence of mediation or moderation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s2040174422000186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,21]],"date-time":"2022-04-21T09:32:36Z","timestamp":1650533556000},"page":"683-694","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Defining the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in the relationship between fetal growth and adult cardiometabolic outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3091-4642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wrivu N.","family":"Martin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carol A.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Lye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6226-8270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca M.","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen G.","family":"Matthews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carly E.","family":"McLaughlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Oldmeadow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Trevor A.","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lawrence","family":"Beilin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0937-6165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Craig E.","family":"Pennell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2040174422000186_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12143"},{"key":"S2040174422000186_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2013.05.018"},{"key":"S2040174422000186_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.306.6869.24"},{"key":"S2040174422000186_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.008870"},{"key":"S2040174422000186_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-1539"},{"key":"S2040174422000186_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)62038-7"},{"key":"S2040174422000186_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20091861"},{"key":"S2040174422000186_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2018.1271"},{"key":"S2040174422000186_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2014.73"},{"key":"S2040174422000186_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30054-X"},{"key":"S2040174422000186_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.33.6.1364"},{"key":"S2040174422000186_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32225-6"},{"key":"S2040174422000186_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/60.1.103"},{"key":"S2040174422000186_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1004474"},{"key":"S2040174422000186_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0092957"},{"key":"S2040174422000186_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/18.6.499"},{"key":"S2040174422000186_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab341"},{"key":"S2040174422000186_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31919-5"},{"key":"S2040174422000186_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7095384"},{"key":"S2040174422000186_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10253890.2016.1146672"},{"key":"S2040174422000186_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acvd.2011.10.006"},{"key":"S2040174422000186_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2011.00867.x"},{"key":"S2040174422000186_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00029.2013"},{"key":"S2040174422000186_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-019-0403-1"},{"key":"S2040174422000186_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"T69","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-19-0057","article-title":"Developmental programming of the HPA axis and related behaviours: epigenetic mechanisms","volume":"242","author":"Stephen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"S2040174422000186_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S2040174418000569"},{"key":"S2040174422000186_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)91944-H"},{"key":"S2040174422000186_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4530(02)00108-7"},{"key":"S2040174422000186_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-10-0718"},{"key":"S2040174422000186_ref22","first-page":"321","article-title":"Effects of promoting longer-term and exclusive breastfeeding on cardiometabolic risk factors at age 11.5 years: a cluster-randomized","volume":"129","author":"Martin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Controlled Trial"},{"key":"S2040174422000186_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynstr.2020.100235"},{"key":"S2040174422000186_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32203-7"},{"key":"S2040174422000186_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyg201"},{"key":"S2040174422000186_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyp334"},{"key":"S2040174422000186_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61350-5"},{"key":"S2040174422000186_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00048677609159482"},{"key":"S2040174422000186_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000121"},{"key":"S2040174422000186_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/JOE-09-0459"},{"key":"S2040174422000186_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0047776"},{"key":"S2040174422000186_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/meta.2003.50090"},{"key":"S2040174422000186_ref16","first-page":"757","article-title":"Elevated plasma cortisol concentrations: a link between low birth weight and the insulin resistance syndrome?","volume":"83","author":"Phillips","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"S2040174422000186_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-5-13"},{"key":"S2040174422000186_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-12-73"},{"key":"S2040174422000186_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-012-1701-0"},{"key":"S2040174422000186_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-026276"},{"key":"S2040174422000186_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coemr.2020.07.010"},{"key":"S2040174422000186_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2009.09.019"},{"key":"S2040174422000186_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2012.08.012"}],"container-title":["Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S2040174422000186","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]],"date-time":"2023-03-21T06:55:32Z","timestamp":1679381732000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S2040174422000186\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,21]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S2040174422000186"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s2040174422000186","relation":{},"ISSN":["2040-1744","2040-1752"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2040-1744","type":"print"},{"value":"2040-1752","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press in association with International Society for Developmental Origins of Health and Disease","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}