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Maternal total homocysteine concentrations were inversely associated with offspring birthweight, and low vitamin B12 and high folate concentrations predicted higher offspring adiposity and insulin resistance. These findings guided a nested pre-conceptional randomised controlled trial \u2018Pune Rural Intervention in Young Adolescents\u2019. The interventions included: (1) vitamin B12+multi-micronutrients as per the United Nations International Multiple Micronutrient Antenatal Preparation, and proteins (B12+MMN), (2) vitamin B12 (B12 alone), and (3) placebo. Intervention improved maternal pre-conceptional and in-pregnancy micronutrient nutrition. Gene expression analysis in cord blood mononuclear cells in 88 pregnancies revealed 75 differentially expressed genes between the B12+MMN and placebo groups. The enriched biological processes included G2\/M phase transition, chromosome segregation, and nuclear division. Enriched pathways included, mitotic spindle checkpoint and DNA damage response while enriched human phenotypes were sloping forehead and decreased head circumference. Fructose-bisphosphatase 2 (<jats:italic>FBP2)<\/jats:italic> and Cell Division Cycle Associated 2 (<jats:italic>CDCA2)<\/jats:italic> genes were under-expressed in the B12 alone group. The latter, involved in chromosome segregation was under-expressed in both intervention groups. Based on the role of B-complex vitamins in the synthesis of nucleotides and S-adenosyl methionine, and the roles of vitamins A and D on gene expression, we propose that the multi-micronutrient intervention epigenetically affected cell cycle dynamics. Neonates in the B12+MMN group had the highest ponderal index. Follow-up studies will reveal if the intervention and the altered biological processes influence offspring diabesity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s204017442200068x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]],"date-time":"2023-01-12T08:57:06Z","timestamp":1673513826000},"page":"437-448","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Differential expression of genes influencing mitotic processes in cord blood mononuclear cells after a pre-conceptional micronutrient-based randomised controlled trial: Pune Rural Intervention in Young Adolescents (PRIYA)"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5105-1524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satyajeet 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