{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T18:01:06Z","timestamp":1793642466261,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]],"date-time":"2023-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679270400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Dev Orig Health Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Folate and choline are methyl donor nutrients that may play a role in fetal brain development. Animal studies have reported that prenatal folate and choline supplementation are associated with better cognitive outcomes in offspring and that these nutrients may interact and affect brain development. Human studies that have investigated associations between maternal prenatal folate or choline levels and neurodevelopmental outcomes have reported contradictory findings and no human studies have examined the potential interactive effect of folate and choline on children\u2019s neurodevelopment. During the second trimester of pregnancy, maternal red blood cell folate was measured from blood samples and choline intake was estimated using a 24-h dietary recall in 309 women in the APrON cohort. At 3\u20135 years of age, their children\u2019s neurodevelopment was assessed using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scales of Intelligence \u2013 Fourth Edition\n                    <jats:sup>CND<\/jats:sup>\n                    , NEPSY-II language and memory subtests, four behavioral executive function tasks, and the Movement Assessment Battery for Children \u2013 Second Edition. Adjusted regressions revealed no associations between maternal folate and choline levels during pregnancy and most of the child outcomes. On the Dimensional Change Card Sort, an executive function task, there was an interaction effect; at high levels of choline intake (i.e., 1 SD above the mean; 223.03 mg\/day), higher maternal folate status was associated with decreased odds of receiving a passing score (\u03b2 = \u22120.44; 95%CI \u22120.81, \u22120.06). In conclusion, maternal folate status and choline intake during the second trimester of pregnancy were not associated with children\u2019s intelligence, language, memory, or motor outcomes at 3\u20134 years of age; however, their interaction may have an\u00a0influence children\u2019s executive functions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s2040174423000041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]],"date-time":"2023-03-20T07:22:22Z","timestamp":1679296942000},"page":"402-414","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Associations between maternal folate status and choline intake during pregnancy and neurodevelopment at 3\u20134 years of age in the Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition (APrON) study"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Irvine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0633-5963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gillian","family":"England-Mason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7285-4767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine J.","family":"Field","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7468-915X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole","family":"Letourneau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4298-9641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rhonda 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