{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T08:25:06Z","timestamp":1789719906289,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]],"date-time":"2024-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733097600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":336,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Dev Orig Health Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:p>Household income and caregiver mental health are important drivers of children\u2019s health and development. The COVID-19 pandemic created huge economic and mental health disruptions. This study examines financial hardship and its relationship with caregiver and child mental health using Australia\u2019s only representative data spanning three years of the pandemic. Analysis of the repeated, cross-sectional National Child Health Poll included 12,408 caregivers and 20,339 children over six waves (June 2020\u2013April 2023). Caregivers reported their income (dichotomised into low versus not) and deprivation (missing one or more of eight essential items, versus not) and mental health for themselves (Kessler-6, poor versus not) and each child (Self-Rated Mental Health, poor\/fair versus good\/very good\/excellent). Binary logistic models were fitted to predict marginal probabilities of mental health measures by low income and deprivation, over time. Results show that while low income decreased from 41% to 34% over the study period, deprivation increased from 30% to 35%. Poor mental health peaked with stay-at-home orders in 2021 before recovering. Caregivers experiencing low income or deprivation had higher rates of poor mental health throughout the study and slower recovery compared to those without financial hardship. Children in families experiencing financial hardship had slightly higher proportions of poor\/fair mental health in 2021\u20132022, but they were mostly equivalent in June 2020 and April 2023 (range 6\u20138%). Addressing financial hardship may offer an avenue for improving caregiver mental health. This has implications for post-pandemic recovery and addressing contemporary issues of increasing cost of living and limited mental health supports and services.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s2040174424000321","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]],"date-time":"2024-12-02T10:08:57Z","timestamp":1733134137000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Financial hardship and caregiver and child mental health during the 3 years of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8117-8059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna M.H.","family":"Price","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary-Anne","family":"Measey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon","family":"Goldfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthea","family":"Rhodes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2040174424000321_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-14184-8"},{"key":"S2040174424000321_ref31","volume-title":"Applying the Nest framework to develop a measure of deprivation and opportunity for children using the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children","author":"Sollis","year":"2019"},{"key":"S2040174424000321_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjpo-2021-001390"},{"key":"S2040174424000321_ref12","unstructured":"12. The Senate. Select Committee on the Cost of Living. Paying the Price: The Cost of a Crisis on Australians\u2019 Standards of Living. Final Report, 2024 [https:\/\/parlinfo.aph.gov.au\/parlInfo\/download\/committees\/reportsen\/RB000446\/toc_pdf\/PayingthePriceTheCostofaCrisisonAustralians'StandardsofLiving.pdf, accessed 15 November 2024]."},{"key":"S2040174424000321_ref39","unstructured":"39. Botha, F , Gamara, A , Payne, AA. Most Australians, not just the poor, are facing constraints in covering basic needs. Melbourne Institute Research Insight, No. 04\/23. 2023. Available from: https:\/\/melbourneinstitute.unimelb.edu.au\/publications\/research-insights\/search\/result?paper=4636721"},{"key":"S2040174424000321_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.754"},{"key":"S2040174424000321_ref10","unstructured":"10. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Australia\u2019s health 2018, Australia\u2019s health series no. 16. 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Published by Cambridge University Press in association with The International Society for Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD)","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e31"}}