{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T17:58:46Z","timestamp":1789063126245,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]],"date-time":"2024-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732838400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":333,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Dev Orig Health Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:p>Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) is associated with cognitive, behavioural, and developmental impairments throughout the lifespan of affected individuals, but there is limited evidence on how early this impact can be identified through routinely collected childhood data. This paper explores the relationship between PAE and the Early Years Foundation Stage Profile (EYFSP), a statutory teacher-based summative assessment of early development in relation to learning goals. This analysis uses the Born in Bradford dataset, a UK based cohort (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 13,959; full dataset), which collected self-reported PAE from 11,905 mothers, with 19.8% reporting drinking alcohol at some point during pregnancy. Coarsened exact matching was conducted to examine relationships between patterns of PAE and children achieving a \u2018Good Level of Development\u2019 on the EYFSP, a binary variable assessed at 4\u20135 years of age, controlling for known confounders, including deprivation, mother\u2019s education, exposure to other teratogenic substances, and child\u2019s age at assessment. Additionally, we examined EYFSP sub-scores to identify specific developmental deficits associated with PAE.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <jats:p>The key finding is a statistically significant association between PAE at a level of consuming 5 or more units of alcohol (equivalent to 50 ml or 40 g of pure alcohol) at least once per week from the 4<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> month of pregnancy onwards and lower EYFSP scores when accounting for established confounding variables. These findings highlight that the detrimental impact of alcohol during pregnancy can be identified using statutory educational assessments. This has implications internationally for prevention work, policy, and commissioning of support services for people impacted by PAE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s2040174424000369","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]],"date-time":"2024-11-29T07:33:46Z","timestamp":1732865626000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Associations between prenatal alcohol exposure and early education outcomes: a matched controls study using the born in Bradford dataset"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3898-4194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robyn","family":"McCarthy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Penny A.","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Pink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy H.","family":"Eddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2040174424000369_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4471\/qre.2013.15"},{"key":"S2040174424000369_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/berj.3771"},{"key":"S2040174424000369_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-058058"},{"key":"S2040174424000369_ref4","unstructured":"4. Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN). Children and young people exposed prenatally to alcohol [Internet]. Edinburgh: SIGN; 2019. Report No.: 156. Available from: https:\/\/testing36.scot.nhs.uk. 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Published by Cambridge University Press in association with The International Society for Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD)","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e29"}}