{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T18:57:47Z","timestamp":1785437867767,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765756800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":348,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Dev Orig Health Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The COVID-19 pandemic intensified food insecurity (FI) and stress for many pregnant individuals, which may have contributed to adverse fetal developmental programming. This study aimed to identify key social determinants of health associated with pandemic-related FI and stress, and their association with gestational weight gain (GWG) and newborn birth weight in a Canadian pregnant cohort. Data were collected retrospectively from 273 pregnant individuals who delivered infants in Canada during the pandemic (March 2020\u2013March 2023). Validated questionnaires were used to assess FI and pandemic-related stress, and GWG and infant birth weight were self-reported. FI was experienced by 55.7% of the participants, while 33.7% and 19.7% reported heightened stress related to COVID-19 infection and pregnancy preparedness, respectively. Participants from food-secure and food-insecure households differed significantly in parental structure, age, sexual orientation, housing status, household income, number of children in the household and pregnancy planning (all\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    values &lt; 0.01). Heightened stress for both pregnancy preparedness and COVID-19 infection was also significantly associated with these same factors (all\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    values &lt; 0.05) but not for age and housing status. FI and heightened stress were not associated with GWG outside the recommended range. However, significantly higher likelihood of birth weight extremes was observed with heightened COVID-19 infection-related stress (OR, 95% CI 1.50, 1.05\u20132.12,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.02) and pregnancy preparedness-related stress (1.60, 1.10\u20132.31,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.01), but not with FI. These findings underscore the influence of psychosocial factors on FI and stress during pregnancy, which may negatively impact infant health outcomes during the pandemic.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s2040174425100317","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T09:52:02Z","timestamp":1765792322000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Exploring the relationships between food insecurity, maternal stress, and maternal\u2013infant health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5085-6789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Landry","family":"Kalembo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Ottawa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8947-8152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shannon","family":"Bainbridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Ottawa"},{"name":"University of Ottawa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9697-1164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B\u00e9n\u00e9dicte","family":"Fontaine-Bisson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03c4mmv16","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Ottawa"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04z45pv75","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institut du Savoir Montfort"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2040174425100317_ref62","first-page":"189","article-title":"Gestational weight gain and neonatal biometry during the COVID-19 pandemic: a multicenter observational cohort","volume":"2","author":"Abdelwahab","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"key":"S2040174425100317_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/137.9.2087"},{"key":"S2040174425100317_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2016.04.039"},{"key":"S2040174425100317_ref57","first-page":"e584","article-title":"Effect of lockdown period of COVID-19 pandemic on maternal weight gain, gestational diabetes, and newborn birth weight","volume":"41","author":"Collins-Smith","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"key":"S2040174425100317_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2010.02.014"},{"key":"S2040174425100317_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.23508"},{"key":"S2040174425100317_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-023-03860-9"},{"key":"S2040174425100317_ref58","first-page":"462","article-title":"Stress during pregnancy and gestational weight gain","volume":"38","author":"Kominiarek","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Perinatol Off J Calif Perinat Assoc"},{"key":"S2040174425100317_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2011.06.007"},{"key":"S2040174425100317_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2019.00144"},{"key":"S2040174425100317_ref5","unstructured":"5. Li, T , Fafard St-Germain, A , Tarasuk, V. Household Food Insecurity in Canada, 2022 [Internet]. 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The Canadian maternity experiences survey[Internet]. 2006. https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/public-health\/services\/injury-prevention\/health-surveillance-epidemiology-division\/maternal-infant-health\/canadian-maternity-experiences-survey.html."},{"key":"S2040174425100317_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18168332"},{"key":"S2040174425100317_ref43","volume-title":"Weight Gain During Pregnancy: Reexamining the Guidelines","year":"2009"},{"key":"S2040174425100317_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2023.107062"},{"key":"S2040174425100317_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(18)30268-X"},{"key":"S2040174425100317_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17269\/s41997-022-00641-9"},{"key":"S2040174425100317_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.202604"},{"key":"S2040174425100317_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.outlook.2023.101964"},{"key":"S2040174425100317_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.150234"},{"key":"S2040174425100317_ref65","first-page":"1","article-title":"Psychosocial stress and longitudinally measured gestational weight gain throughout pregnancy: The Ulm SPATZ Health Study","volume":"10","author":"Braig","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Re"},{"key":"S2040174425100317_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.06.076"},{"key":"S2040174425100317_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2023.04.009"},{"key":"S2040174425100317_ref13","unstructured":"13. 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Canada prenatal nutrition program (CPNP) [Internet] [Internet]. 2010. https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/public-health\/services\/child-infant-health\/supports-programs-pregnancy\/prenatal-nutrition-program-cpnp.html."},{"key":"S2040174425100317_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2021.02.005"},{"key":"S2040174425100317_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2005.08.008"},{"key":"S2040174425100317_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.10.062"},{"key":"S2040174425100317_ref3","first-page":"179","volume-title":"Weight Gain During Pregnancy: Reexamining the Guidelines","year":"2009"},{"key":"S2040174425100317_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmedr.2022.101912"},{"key":"S2040174425100317_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2013.04.007"},{"key":"S2040174425100317_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.30954"},{"key":"S2040174425100317_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0167482X.2020.1801625"},{"key":"S2040174425100317_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/hea0001017"},{"key":"S2040174425100317_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19320248.2014.908450"},{"key":"S2040174425100317_ref40","unstructured":"40. Canada, H. The household food security survey module (HFSSM) [Internet]. 2010. https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/health-canada\/services\/food-nutrition\/food-nutrition-surveillance\/health-nutrition-surveys\/canadian-community-health-survey-cchs\/household-food-insecurity-canada-overview\/household-food-security-survey-module-hfssm-health-nutrition-surveys-health-canada.html."},{"key":"S2040174425100317_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph13121187"}],"container-title":["Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S2040174425100317","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T12:54:44Z","timestamp":1772801684000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S2040174425100317\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":69,"alternative-id":["S2040174425100317"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s2040174425100317","relation":{},"ISSN":["2040-1744","2040-1752"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2040-1744","type":"print"},{"value":"2040-1752","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press in association with The International Society for Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD)","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e47"}}