{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T12:02:10Z","timestamp":1762430530893},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,28]],"date-time":"2011-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1301270400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":27,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S2045796011000102_sec1\"><jats:title>Objective.<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine the current theoretical rationale and empirical evidence for preventing and treating major depressive disorder in childhood and adolescence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S2045796011000102_sec2\"><jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Selective review of recent controlled investigations on the efficacy and safety of preventive and treatment interventions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S2045796011000102_sec3\"><jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Even more than in adults, pediatric clinical trials in depression are dominated by symptomatic improvement with non-specific clinical contact (on average, 50% \u2018placebo response\u2019). The additional benefit of specific psychotherapeutic or pharmacological treatment is on average modest. Antidepressant medication is effective in speeding up improvement, but more than a third of patients do not reach full remission even after prolonged treatment. The advantage of routinely combining medication with cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is unclear. Depressed suicidal adolescents can benefit from CBT and medications. CBT can protect high-risk youths from developing a depressive episode.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S2045796011000102_sec4\"><jats:title>Conclusions.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Effective interventions to prevent and treat depression in youth exist, but their therapeutic benefit appears to be, on average, small, possibly due to the clinical heterogeneity subsumed under the current diagnostic construct of depressive disorder. More specifically, targeted interventions tailored to individual clinical and biological characteristics may result in greater effectiveness and overall efficiency.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s2045796011000102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,28]],"date-time":"2011-03-28T08:47:52Z","timestamp":1301302072000},"page":"37-43","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Prevention and treatment of child and adolescent depression: challenges and opportunities"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"B.","family":"Vitiello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2045796011000102_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-2381"},{"key":"S2045796011000102_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.10.1132"},{"key":"S2045796011000102_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e3181b5dbfe"},{"key":"S2045796011000102_ref32","volume-title":"Care of Children and Adolescents in U.S. Hospitals","author":"Owens","year":"2003"},{"key":"S2045796011000102_ref36","first-page":"807","article-title":"The Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS): short-term effectiveness and safety outcomes","volume":"292","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"S2045796011000102_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2009.08101606"},{"key":"S2045796011000102_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.11.1241"},{"key":"S2045796011000102_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.6.593"},{"key":"S2045796011000102_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1121189X00001421"},{"key":"S2045796011000102_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e31819176f9"},{"key":"S2045796011000102_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.299.8.901"},{"key":"S2045796011000102_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2009.95"},{"key":"S2045796011000102_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.63.3.332"},{"key":"S2045796011000102_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.788"},{"key":"S2045796011000102_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2010.09040552"},{"key":"S2045796011000102_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e3181b5dbe4"},{"key":"S2045796011000102_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-200923040-00001"},{"key":"S2045796011000102_ref7","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2006). 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