{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T21:09:12Z","timestamp":1761512952589},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,28]],"date-time":"2011-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1301270400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":27,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S2045796011000175_sec1\"><jats:title>Objective.<\/jats:title><jats:p>The primary goal was to identify risk factors for post-surgical depression in subjects operated on for drug-resistant epilepsy. Secondary goals were to confirm the high rate of depression in subjects suffering from epilepsy (prior to surgery) and to look for first post-surgical depressive episode.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S2045796011000175_sec2\"><jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Case series study of 150 subjects surgically treated for partial epilepsy (side of surgery: 72 right, 78 left; site of surgery: 97 Unilobar Temporal, 17 Unilobar Frontal, 14 Posterior, 22 Multilobar). All subjects routinely had three psychiatric evaluations: before surgery (baseline) and at 6 and 12 months after surgery. Psychiatric diagnoses were made according to DSM-IV-TR criteria. Bivariate (Fisher exact test and Kruskal\u2013Wallis rank sum test) and multivariate (logistic regression model fitting) analyses were performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S2045796011000175_sec3\"><jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty-three (22%) subjects had post-surgical depressive episodes, 31 of them in the first 6 months. Fourteen out of 33 experienced depression for the first time. Post-surgical depressive episodes are not associated with gender, outcome on seizures, side\/site of surgical resection, histological diagnosis, psychiatric diagnoses other than depression. Depressive episodes before surgery and older age at surgery time are risk factors for post-surgical depression (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0001 and 0.01, respectively, at logistic regression analysis). No protective factors were identified.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S2045796011000175_sec4\"><jats:title>Conclusions.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our data show that lifetime depressive episodes and older age at surgery time are risk factors for post-surgery depression. Moreover, a prospective study could be useful in order to assess whether depression is really a consequence of surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s2045796011000175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,28]],"date-time":"2011-03-28T08:47:52Z","timestamp":1301302072000},"page":"99-105","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Risk factors for postoperative depression in 150 subjects treated for drug-resistant focal epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"V.","family":"Barbieri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Cardinale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Luoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G. 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