{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T12:58:32Z","timestamp":1767963512699,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,6]],"date-time":"2014-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1415232000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S2045796014000675_sec1\"><jats:title>Background.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Little is known about whether particular suicide methods have contributed differently to the recent unfavourable suicide mortality trends in Japan. Analysing such trends may shed light on the effect of potentially preventable factors, such as the impact of restricting access to certain popular suicide methods, on overall rates. Therefore, we assessed recent trends in method-specific suicide by gender and age in Japan.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S2045796014000675_sec2\"><jats:title>Method.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Suicide mortality and population data between 1990 and 2011 were obtained from the Vital Statistics of Japan and used to calculate method-specific mortality rates. Suicide methods were divided into seven groups: overdose, gases, hanging, drowning, cutting, jumping and other means. Age was divided into four groups: 15\u201324, 25\u201344, 45\u201364 and 65+ years. We applied joinpoint regression to the data and quantified the observed changes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S2045796014000675_sec3\"><jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results of the joinpoint regression analyses showed a sharp increase in overall suicide rates for males and females of all ages until the late 1990s. Suicide from hanging and jumping, in particular, contributed to this increase. After 2000, an increasing trend in overall suicide rates in both males and females aged 15\u201324 and 25\u201344 years was observed, with overdose, gases and hanging contributing to this increasing trend.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S2045796014000675_sec4\"><jats:title>Conclusions.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings revealed that different suicide methods varied in their contribution to the recent overall suicide transition in Japan. Regarding factors associated with the recent increase in suicides by overdose, gases, hanging and jumping, further research is needed in order to promote and implement effective means restriction strategies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s2045796014000675","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,6]],"date-time":"2014-11-06T02:46:49Z","timestamp":1415242009000},"page":"58-68","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Time trends in method-specific suicide rates in Japan, 1990\u20132011"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"E.","family":"Yoshioka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. J.","family":"Hanley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Kawanishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Saijo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2045796014000675_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-008-0435-9"},{"key":"S2045796014000675_ref15","unstructured":"International Narcotics Control Board (2010). Report of the International Narcotics Control Board on the Availability of Internationally Controlled Drugs: Ensuring Adequate Access for Medical and Scientific Purposes. Retrieved 17 March 2014 from https:\/\/www.incb.org\/documents\/Publications\/AnnualReports\/AR2010\/Supplement-AR10_availability_English.pdf"},{"key":"S2045796014000675_ref25","volume-title":"Vital Statistics 1990 (in Japanese)","year":"1992"},{"key":"S2045796014000675_ref1","unstructured":"Ahmad OB , Boschi-Pinto C , Lopez AD , Murray CJ , Lozano R , Inoue M (2001). Age Standardization of Rates: a New WHO Standard. Retrieved 17 March 2014 from http:\/\/www.who.int\/healthinfo\/paper31.pdf."},{"key":"S2045796014000675_ref27","unstructured":"Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan (2012). Vital Statistics 1992\u20132011 (in Japanese). Retrieved 17 March 2014 from http:\/\/www.e-stat.go.jp\/SG1\/estat\/GL08020101.do?_toGL08020101_&tstatCode=000001028897"},{"key":"S2045796014000675_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.109.065185"},{"key":"S2045796014000675_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-3131.2007.00046.x"},{"key":"S2045796014000675_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(20000215)19:3<335::AID-SIM336>3.0.CO;2-Z"},{"key":"S2045796014000675_ref40","volume-title":"The Tenth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems","year":"1992"},{"key":"S2045796014000675_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbp.2012.02.001"},{"key":"S2045796014000675_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1027\/0227-5910.28.S1.58"},{"key":"S2045796014000675_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38253.572581.7C"},{"key":"S2045796014000675_ref8","unstructured":"Cabinet Office of Japan (2013). The White Paper for Countermeasures to Suicide 2012. Retrieved 18 March 2014 from http:\/\/www8.cao.go.jp\/jisatsutaisaku\/whitepaper\/en\/w-2012\/summary.html"},{"key":"S2045796014000675_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.2009.022491"},{"key":"S2045796014000675_ref26","volume-title":"Vital Statistics 1991 (in Japanese)","year":"1993"},{"key":"S2045796014000675_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.113.135392"},{"key":"S2045796014000675_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyq094"},{"key":"S2045796014000675_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(20000515)88:10<2398::AID-CNCR26>3.0.CO;2-I"},{"key":"S2045796014000675_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2006.048553"},{"key":"S2045796014000675_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyh398"},{"key":"S2045796014000675_ref41","unstructured":"WHO (2012). Suicide Prevention (SUPRE). Retrieved 18 March 2014 from http:\/\/www.who.int\/mental_health\/prevention\/suicide\/suicideprevent\/en\/"},{"key":"S2045796014000675_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dym164"},{"key":"S2045796014000675_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199112053252305"},{"key":"S2045796014000675_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-008-0380-7"},{"key":"S2045796014000675_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2004.02102.x"},{"key":"S2045796014000675_ref38","unstructured":"Watanabe R , Furukawa M , Nakamura R , Ogura Y (2006). Analysis of the Socioeconomic Difficulties Affecting the Suicide Rate in Japan. Retrieved 30 July 2014 from http:\/\/www.kier.kyoto-u.ac.jp\/DP\/DP626.pdf"},{"key":"S2045796014000675_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.294.16.2064"},{"key":"S2045796014000675_ref39","volume-title":"The Ninth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems","year":"1977"},{"key":"S2045796014000675_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00048679809062700"},{"key":"S2045796014000675_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-8-6"},{"key":"S2045796014000675_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2009.11.206"},{"key":"S2045796014000675_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.07.043489"},{"key":"S2045796014000675_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08039480600600169"},{"key":"S2045796014000675_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60521-2"},{"key":"S2045796014000675_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291701003920"},{"key":"S2045796014000675_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2008.12.008"},{"key":"S2045796014000675_ref19","article-title":"Are immigrants responsible for the recent decline in Australian suicide rates?","author":"Kolves","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences"},{"key":"S2045796014000675_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6673-5-28"},{"key":"S2045796014000675_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.23911"},{"key":"S2045796014000675_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2004.059295"},{"key":"S2045796014000675_ref29","unstructured":"National Cancer Institute (2014). Joinpoint User's Guide 4.1.0. Retrieved 30 July 2014 from http:\/\/surveillance.cancer.gov\/joinpoint\/Joinpoint_Help_4.1.0.pdf"},{"key":"S2045796014000675_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610207005285"},{"key":"S2045796014000675_ref20","first-page":"86","article-title":"The coal gas story. United Kingdom suicide rates, 1960\u201371","volume":"30","author":"Kreitman","year":"1976","journal-title":"British Journal of Preventive and Social Medicine"},{"key":"S2045796014000675_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.01.010"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S2045796014000675","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,19]],"date-time":"2019-04-19T18:46:59Z","timestamp":1555699619000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S2045796014000675\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,6]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S2045796014000675"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s2045796014000675","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-7960","2045-7979"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-7960","type":"print"},{"value":"2045-7979","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,6]]}}}