{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T12:44:54Z","timestamp":1776775494699,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,20]],"date-time":"2016-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1482192000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Mental hospitals in India, as elsewhere in the world, have played an important role in the care of persons with mental illness. Since their inception, they have both been decried for gross violations of human rights and dignity as well as lauded as places of refuge and care for persons turned away by the communities. In a country where community interventions for mental health care are still fragmentary, the mental hospital still continues to be a relevant and legitimate locus of care along with other limited resources available for the care of persons with mental illness outside of the family. In India, positive changes in the infrastructure and resourcing of mental hospitals, reductions in involuntary admissions and improvements in facilities have largely occurred through judicial interventions. Recent pilot interventions for rehabilitation of long-stay patients point towards the need to develop rehabilitation and community facilities for persons with severe mental illness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s2045796016000755","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,20]],"date-time":"2016-12-20T10:10:17Z","timestamp":1482228617000},"page":"10-15","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Mental Hospitals in India in the 21st century: transformation and relevance"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"Murthy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Isaac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Dabholkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2045796016000755_ref10","volume-title":"Mental Hospitals in India. Current Status and Role in Mental Health Care","author":"Sharma","year":"1996"},{"key":"S2045796016000755_ref15","unstructured":"The Guardian (2016). Spike in mental health deaths shows the NHS is struggling to cope. http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/jan\/26\/rise-mental-health-patient-deaths-nhs-struggling-to-cope"},{"key":"S2045796016000755_ref12","volume-title":"The INCENSE Program","year":"2015"},{"key":"S2045796016000755_ref9","volume-title":"Report of the Technical Committee on mental health","author":"Murthy","year":"2016"},{"key":"S2045796016000755_ref14","volume-title":"National Mental Health Policy","year":"2014"},{"key":"S2045796016000755_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1163\/9789004646582_012","volume-title":"Studies on Indian Medical History","author":"Ernst","year":"1987"},{"key":"S2045796016000755_ref11","volume-title":"More than Brick and Mortar. Reconstructing Histories of Mental Hospitals in India","author":"Sarin","year":"2016"},{"key":"S2045796016000755_ref8","volume-title":"Mental health care and human rights","author":"Nagaraja","year":"2008"},{"key":"S2045796016000755_ref5","unstructured":"Human Rights Watch (2014). Treated worse than animals. Abuses against girls with psychosocial or intellectual disabilities in institutions in India. Retrieved from hrw.org\/report\/2014\/12\/03\/treated-worse-animals\/abuses-against-women-and-girls-psychosocial-or-intellectual."},{"key":"S2045796016000755_ref13","volume-title":"Report of the Health Survey and Development Committee","volume":"3","author":"Taylor","year":"1946"},{"key":"S2045796016000755_ref1","first-page":"108","volume-title":"Mental Health \u2013 An Indian Perspective 1946\u20132003","author":"Channabasavanna","year":"2004"},{"key":"S2045796016000755_ref2","volume-title":"Mental Health-An Indian Perspective 1946\u20132003","author":"Agarwal","year":"2004"},{"key":"S2045796016000755_ref7","volume-title":"Quality assurance in mental health","author":"Channabasavanna","year":"1999"},{"key":"S2045796016000755_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.28.3.676"},{"key":"S2045796016000755_ref6","volume-title":"Addressing concerns of women admitted to mental hospitals: an in-depth analysis","author":"Murthy","year":"2016"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S2045796016000755","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]],"date-time":"2025-06-13T19:26:21Z","timestamp":1749842781000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S2045796016000755\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,20]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S2045796016000755"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s2045796016000755","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-7960","2045-7979"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-7960","type":"print"},{"value":"2045-7979","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,20]]}}}