{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T18:52:41Z","timestamp":1785178361629,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,17]],"date-time":"2019-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568678400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,17]],"date-time":"2019-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568678400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S204579601900043X_sec_a1\">\n\t    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Compared with the general population, individuals with schizophrenia have a higher risk of periodontal disease, which can potentially reduce their life expectancy. However, evidence for the early development of periodontal disease in schizophrenia is scant. The current study investigated risk factors for periodontal disease in patients newly diagnosed with schizophrenia.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S204579601900043X_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n\t    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>We identified a population-based cohort of patients in Taiwan with newly diagnosed schizophrenia who developed periodontal disease within 1 year of their schizophrenia diagnosis. Treatment with antipsychotics and other medications was categorised according to medication type and duration, and the association between medication use and the treated periodontal disease was assessed through logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S204579601900043X_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\">\n\t    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Among 3610 patients with newly diagnosed schizophrenia, 2373 (65.7%) had an incidence of treated periodontal disease during the 1-year follow-up. Female sex (adjusted odds ratios [OR] 1.40; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20\u20131.63); young age (adjusted OR 0.99; 95% CI 0.98\u20130.99); a 2-year history of periodontal disease (adjusted OR 2.45; 95% CI 1.84\u20133.26); high income level (adjusted OR 2.24; 95% CI 1.64\u20133.06) and exposure to first-generation (adjusted OR 1.89; 95% CI 1.54\u20132.32) and secondary-generation (adjusted OR 1.33; 95% CI 1.11\u20131.58) antipsychotics, anticholinergics (adjusted OR 1.24; 95% CI 1.03\u20131.50) and antihypertensives (adjusted OR 1.91; 95% CI 1.64\u20132.23) were independent risk factors for periodontal disease. Hyposalivation \u2013 an adverse effect of first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs) (adjusted OR 2.00; 95% CI 1.63\u20132.45), anticholinergics (adjusted OR 1.27; 95% CI 1.05\u20131.53) and antihypertensives (adjusted OR 1.90; 95% CI 1.63\u20132.22) \u2013 was associated with increased risk of periodontal disease. Therefore, hypersalivation due to FGA use (adjusted OR 0.72; 95% CI 0.59\u20130.88) was considered a protective factor.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S204579601900043X_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusion\">\n\t    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>The current study highlights that early prevention of periodontal disease in individuals with schizophrenia is crucial. Along with paying more attention to the development of periodontal disease, assessing oral health regularly, helping with oral hygiene, and lowering consumption of sugary drinks and tobacco, emphasis should also be given by physicians to reduce the prescription of antipsychotics to the extent possible under efficacious pharmacotherapy for schizophrenia.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s204579601900043x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,17]],"date-time":"2019-09-17T03:06:56Z","timestamp":1568689616000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Periodontal disease and effects of antipsychotic medications in patients newly diagnosed with schizophrenia: a population-based retrospective cohort"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Kai-Fang","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei-Shan","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Hsiang","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7335-4131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jui-Hsiu","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chung-Hung Richard","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hung-Yi","family":"Chuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"S204579601900043X_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1991.tb00112.x"},{"key":"S204579601900043X_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0020764004043134"},{"key":"S204579601900043X_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-124X.128222"},{"key":"S204579601900043X_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154411130401500405"},{"key":"S204579601900043X_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-9338(03)00023-3"},{"key":"S204579601900043X_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67728-8"},{"key":"S204579601900043X_ref25","first-page":"617","article-title":"Adverse effects of antipsychotic medications","volume":"81","author":"Muench","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Family Physician"},{"key":"S204579601900043X_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4317\/jced.51147"},{"key":"S204579601900043X_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12183"},{"key":"S204579601900043X_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2011.03.001"},{"key":"S204579601900043X_ref7","unstructured":"Dai J , Li Z and Rocke D (2006) Hierarchical Logistic Regression Modeling with SAS GLIMMIX. Available at http:\/\/www.lexjansen.com\/wuss\/2006\/Analytics\/ANL-Dai.pdf (Accessed 18 November 2017)."},{"key":"S204579601900043X_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002280050676"},{"key":"S204579601900043X_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5005\/jcdp-9-1-38"},{"key":"S204579601900043X_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0757.2002.290109.x"},{"key":"S204579601900043X_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2011.02.005"},{"key":"S204579601900043X_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12007"},{"key":"S204579601900043X_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-2358.2012.00633.x"},{"key":"S204579601900043X_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.1995.tb00196.x"},{"key":"S204579601900043X_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-5037.2012.00558.x"},{"key":"S204579601900043X_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.07.047"},{"key":"S204579601900043X_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2002.0236"},{"key":"S204579601900043X_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.09.012"},{"key":"S204579601900043X_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1819.2012.02376.x"},{"key":"S204579601900043X_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbr148"},{"key":"S204579601900043X_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2016.01.010"},{"key":"S204579601900043X_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2011.00405.x"},{"key":"S204579601900043X_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12248"},{"key":"S204579601900043X_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867415615947"},{"key":"S204579601900043X_ref26","first-page":"ZC40","article-title":"Periodontal health among non-hospitalized chronic psychiatric patients in Mangaluru City-India","volume":"10","author":"Nayak","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research"},{"key":"S204579601900043X_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2012.00457.x"},{"key":"S204579601900043X_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1754-4505.2012.00271.x"},{"key":"S204579601900043X_ref13","first-page":"69","article-title":"Periodontal health and treatment needs among hospitalized chronic psychiatric patients in Istanbul, Turkey","volume":"28","author":"Gurbuz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Community Dental Health Journal"},{"key":"S204579601900043X_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-8844.113684"},{"key":"S204579601900043X_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000010298"},{"key":"S204579601900043X_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.1995.tb00263.x"},{"key":"S204579601900043X_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2006.01.001"},{"key":"S204579601900043X_ref19","first-page":"5","article-title":"Oral health and treatment needs in institutionalized psychiatric patients in India","volume":"11","author":"Kenkre","year":"2000","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Dental Research"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S204579601900043X","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,11]],"date-time":"2019-12-11T03:11:10Z","timestamp":1576033870000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S204579601900043X\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,17]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["S204579601900043X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s204579601900043x","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-7960","2045-7979"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-7960","type":"print"},{"value":"2045-7979","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 The Author(s) 2019\u00a0This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}],"article-number":"e49"}}