{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T03:54:34Z","timestamp":1793505274065,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]],"date-time":"2022-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650844800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":114,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004731","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LQ20H260008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LQ20H260008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004731","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004731","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LQ21H260001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LQ21H260001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004731","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2045796021000810_sec_a1\">\n\t    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Sleep disturbance is an important factor in the pathophysiology and progression of psychiatric disorders, but whether it is a cause, or a downstream effect is still not clear.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2045796021000810_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n\t    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>To investigate causal relationships between three sleep-associated traits and seven psychiatric diseases, we used genetic variants related to insomnia, chronotype and sleep duration to perform a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomisation analysis. Summary-level data on psychiatric disorders were extracted from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. Effect estimates were obtained by using the inverse-variance-weighted (IVW), weights modified IVW, weighted-median methods, MR-Egger regression, MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) test and Robust Adjusted Profile Score (RAPS).<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2045796021000810_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\">\n\t    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>The causal odds ratio (OR) estimate of genetically determined insomnia was 1.33 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.22\u20131.45; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 5.03 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u221211<\/jats:sup>) for attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), 1.31 (95% CI 1.25\u20131.37; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 6.88 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u221231<\/jats:sup>) for major depressive disorder (MDD) and 1.32 (95% CI 1.23\u20131.40; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 1.42 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u221216<\/jats:sup>) for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). There were suggestive inverse associations of morningness chronotype with risk of MDD and schizophrenia (SCZ). Genetically predicted sleep duration was also nominally associated with the risk of bipolar disorder (BD). Conversely, PTSD and MDD were associated with an increased risk of insomnia (OR = 1.06, 95% CI 1.03\u20131.10, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 7.85 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22124<\/jats:sup> for PTSD; OR = 1.37, 95% CI 1.14\u20131.64; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.001 for MDD). A suggestive inverse association of ADHD and MDD with sleep duration was also observed.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2045796021000810_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n\t    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Our findings provide evidence of potential causal relationships between sleep disturbance and psychiatric disorders. This suggests that abnormal sleep patterns may serve as markers for psychiatric disorders and offer opportunities for prevention and management in psychiatric disorders.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s2045796021000810","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]],"date-time":"2022-04-25T07:34:14Z","timestamp":1650872054000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":144,"title":["Sleep disturbance and psychiatric disorders: a bidirectional Mendelian randomisation study"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sitong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J. H.","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianming","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ding","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3644-9160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yingying","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2045796021000810_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.3109\/07420528.2010.516705","article-title":"Evening preference is related to the incidence of depressive states independent of sleep-wake conditions","volume":"27","author":"Kitamura","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chronobiology International"},{"key":"S2045796021000810_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18050938","article-title":"Clock genes and altered sleep-wake rhythms: their role in the development of psychiatric disorders","volume":"18","author":"Charrier","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"S2045796021000810_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.2798"},{"key":"S2045796021000810_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-014-0483-7"},{"key":"S2045796021000810_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-020-01524-5","article-title":"Intergenerational transmission of psychiatric disorders: the 1987 Finnish Birth Cohort study","volume":"30","author":"Paananen","year":"2021","journal-title":"European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"S2045796021000810_ref34","first-page":"381","article-title":"Relationships of sleep duration with sociodemographic and health-related factors, psychiatric disorders and sleep disturbances in a community sample of Korean adults","volume":"30","author":"Park","year":"2010","journal-title":"European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"S2045796021000810_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0333-3"},{"key":"S2045796021000810_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2018.10.006","article-title":"Insomnia as a predictor of mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Hertenstein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sleep Medicine Reviews"},{"key":"S2045796021000810_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.08.032","article-title":"The direction of the relationship between symptoms of insomnia and psychiatric disorders in adolescents","volume":"207","author":"Alvaro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"S2045796021000810_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.01150","article-title":"Insomnia, alcohol consumption and ADHD symptoms in adults","volume":"11","author":"Lundervold","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"S2045796021000810_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.09m05218gry","article-title":"Insomnia and sleep duration in a large cohort of patients with major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders","volume":"71","author":"van Mill","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"S2045796021000810_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2009.03.002","article-title":"Relationships of sleep duration with sleep disturbances, basic socio-demographic factors, and BMI in Chinese people","volume":"10","author":"Xiang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sleep Medicine"},{"key":"S2045796021000810_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2013.07.003","article-title":"Pre-deployment daytime and nighttime sleep complaints as predictors of post-deployment PTSD and depression in National Guard troops","volume":"27","author":"Koffel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"},{"key":"S2045796021000810_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2006.163.11.1905","article-title":"Acute and longer-term outcomes in depressed outpatients requiring one or several treatment steps: a STAR*D report","volume":"163","author":"Rush","year":"2006","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"S2045796021000810_ref10","first-page":"933","article-title":"Correlates of sleep irregularity in schizophrenia","volume":"34","author":"Chung","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chronobiology International"},{"key":"S2045796021000810_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.2782","article-title":"Sleep and psychological vulnerability to traumatic stress","volume":"36","author":"Neylan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"S2045796021000810_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"zsz294","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsz294","article-title":"Associations between sleep problems and ADHD symptoms among adolescents: findings from the Shandong Adolescent Behavior and Health Cohort (SABHC)","volume":"43","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"S2045796021000810_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.3109\/07420528.2011.602445","article-title":"Depression scores associate with chronotype and social jetlag in a rural population","volume":"28","author":"Levandovski","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chronobiology International"},{"key":"S2045796021000810_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0579-z","article-title":"The UK Biobank resource with deep phenotyping and genomic data","volume":"562","author":"Bycroft","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"S2045796021000810_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.07.001"},{"key":"S2045796021000810_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.6976","article-title":"The association between insomnia and sleep duration in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: results from a general population study","volume":"14","author":"Wynchank","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine"},{"key":"S2045796021000810_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22422","article-title":"Chronotype associations with depression and anxiety disorders in a large cohort study","volume":"33","author":"Antypa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Depression and Anxiety"},{"key":"S2045796021000810_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-018-0916-9","article-title":"Recent advancements in treating sleep disorders in co-occurring PTSD","volume":"20","author":"Colvonen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Current Psychiatry Reports"},{"key":"S2045796021000810_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60404-8","article-title":"What makes UK Biobank special?","volume":"379","author":"Collins","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"key":"S2045796021000810_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.02.018","article-title":"Shorter and longer durations of sleep are associated with an increased twelve-month prevalence of psychiatric and substance use disorders: findings from a nationally representative survey of US adults (NESARC-III)","volume":"124","author":"Geoffroy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"key":"S2045796021000810_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22682","article-title":"The relationship between depression and chronotype: a longitudinal assessment during childhood and adolescence","volume":"34","author":"Haraden","year":"2017","journal-title":"Depression and Anxiety"},{"key":"S2045796021000810_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1080\/07420528.2017.1327441","article-title":"Chronotype preference matters for depression in youth","volume":"34","author":"Chiu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chronobiology International"},{"key":"S2045796021000810_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.11.049","article-title":"Depression and insomnia among adolescents: a prospective perspective","volume":"148","author":"Roberts","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"S2045796021000810_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(15)00152-2","article-title":"Does tobacco use cause psychosis? Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"Gurillo","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"S2045796021000810_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2013.12.002","article-title":"Mendelian randomization in health research: using appropriate genetic variants and avoiding biased estimates","volume":"13","author":"Taylor","year":"2014","journal-title":"Economics and Human Biology"},{"key":"S2045796021000810_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2015.00001"},{"key":"S2045796021000810_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyy258","article-title":"Improving the accuracy of two-sample summary-data Mendelian randomization: moving beyond the NOME assumption","volume":"48","author":"Bowden","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal Epidemiology"},{"key":"S2045796021000810_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2019.05.004","article-title":"The bidirectional causal relationships of insomnia with five major psychiatric disorders: a Mendelian randomization study","volume":"60","author":"Gao","year":"2019","journal-title":"European Psychiatry"},{"key":"S2045796021000810_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/31.4.473","article-title":"Prevalence, course, and comorbidity of insomnia and depression in young adults","volume":"31","author":"Buysse","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"S2045796021000810_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2015.08.023","article-title":"Abnormalities in sleep patterns in individuals at risk for psychosis and bipolar disorder","volume":"169","author":"Zanini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Research"},{"key":"S2045796021000810_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-08259-7","article-title":"Genome-wide association analyses of chronotype in 697,828 individuals provides insights into circadian rhythms","volume":"10","author":"Jones","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"S2045796021000810_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2581","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.21.2581","article-title":"Prevalence, severity, and unmet need for treatment of mental disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys","volume":"291","author":"Demyttenaere","year":"2004","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"S2045796021000810_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2012.21","article-title":"A mega-analysis of genome-wide association studies for major depressive disorder","volume":"18","author":"Ripke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Molecular Psychiatry"},{"key":"S2045796021000810_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2017.77","article-title":"Largest GWAS of PTSD (N=20 070) yields genetic overlap with schizophrenia and sex differences in heritability","volume":"23","author":"Duncan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Molecular Psychiatry"},{"key":"S2045796021000810_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyw127","article-title":"Commentary: two-sample Mendelian randomization: opportunities and challenges","volume":"45","author":"Lawlor","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"S2045796021000810_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-08917-4"},{"key":"S2045796021000810_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02317-2","article-title":"Causal associations between risk factors and common diseases inferred from GWAS summary data","volume":"9","author":"Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature Communication"},{"key":"S2045796021000810_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.4700","article-title":"Risk of psychiatric disorders in patients with chronic insomnia and sedative-hypnotic prescription: a nationwide population-based follow-up study","volume":"11","author":"Chung","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine"},{"key":"S2045796021000810_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3956(02)00052-3"}],"container-title":["Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S2045796021000810","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]],"date-time":"2022-04-25T07:34:38Z","timestamp":1650872078000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S2045796021000810\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["S2045796021000810"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s2045796021000810","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-7960","2045-7979"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-7960","type":"print"},{"value":"2045-7979","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"article-number":"e26"}}