{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T21:35:25Z","timestamp":1790285725124,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]],"date-time":"2023-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681689600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":106,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010434","name":"\u201cla Caixa\u201d Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LCF\/PR\/PR16\/11110004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LCF\/PR\/PR16\/11110004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010434","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002809","name":"Generalitat de Catalunya","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CERCA Program"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CERCA Program"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003030","name":"Ag\u00e8ncia de Gesti\u00f3 d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018 PROD 00172"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018 PROD 00172"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2019-104830RB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2019-104830RB-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2045796023000136_sec_a1\">\n\t    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Our study aimed to (1) identify trajectories on different mental health components during a two-year follow-up of the COVID-19 pandemic and contextualise them according to pandemic periods; (2) investigate the associations between mental health trajectories and several exposures, and determine whether there were differences among the different mental health outcomes regarding these associations.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2045796023000136_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n\t    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>We included 5535 healthy individuals, aged 40\u201365 years old, from the Barcelona Brain Health Initiative (BBHI). Growth mixture models (GMM) were fitted to classify individuals into different trajectories for three mental health-related outcomes (psychological distress, personal growth and loneliness). Moreover, we fitted a multinomial regression model for each outcome considering class membership as the independent variable to assess the association with the predictors.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2045796023000136_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"results\">\n\t    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>For the outcomes studied we identified three latent trajectories, differentiating two major trends, a large proportion of participants was classified into \u2018resilient\u2019 trajectories, and a smaller proportion into \u2018chronic-worsening\u2019 trajectories. For the former, we observed a lower susceptibility to the changes, whereas, for the latter, we noticed greater heterogeneity and susceptibility to different periods of the pandemic. From the multinomial regression models, we found global and cognitive health, and coping strategies as common protective factors among the studied mental health components. Nevertheless, some differences were found regarding the risk factors. Living alone was only significant for those classified into \u2018chronic\u2019 trajectories of loneliness, but not for the other outcomes. Similarly, secondary or higher education was only a risk factor for the \u2018worsening\u2019 trajectory of personal growth. Finally, smoking and sleeping problems were risk factors which were associated with the \u2018chronic\u2019 trajectory of psychological distress.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2045796023000136_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n\t    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Our results support heterogeneity in reactions to the pandemic and the need to study different mental health-related components over a longer follow-up period, as each one evolves differently depending on the pandemic period. In addition, the understanding of modifiable protective and risk factors associated with these trajectories would allow the characterisation of these segments of the population to create targeted interventions.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s2045796023000136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]],"date-time":"2023-04-17T08:01:31Z","timestamp":1681718491000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["COVID-19 after two years: trajectories of different components of mental health in the Spanish population"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3816-5244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I.","family":"Bayes-Marin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5066-3476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Cabello-Toscano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7411-6829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G.","family":"Cattaneo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0880-7856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Solana-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0012-2094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D.","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1069-4803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.","family":"Portellano-Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8764-2289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. 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