{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T08:56:56Z","timestamp":1791622616906,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,18]],"date-time":"2023-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697587200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":290,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2045796023000744_sec1a\">\n\t    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Schizophrenia is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, and patients with schizophrenia are more likely to receive suboptimal care for CVD. However, there is limited knowledge regarding in-hospital prognosis and quality of care for patients with schizophrenia hospitalized for heart failure (HF). This study sought to elucidate the association between schizophrenia and in-hospital mortality, as well as cardiovascular treatment in patients hospitalized with HF.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2045796023000744_sec2b\">\n\t    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Using the nationwide cardiovascular registry data in Japan, a total of 704,193 patients hospitalized with HF from 2012 to 2019 were included and stratified by age: young age, &gt; 18 to 45\u00a0years (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a020,289); middle age, &gt;45 to 65\u00a0years (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0114,947); and old age, &gt;65 to 85\u00a0years (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0568,957). All and 30-day in-hospital mortality as well as prescription of cardiovascular medications were assessed. After multiple imputation for missing values, mixed-effect multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed using patient and hospital characteristics with hospital identifier as a variable with random effects.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2045796023000744_sec3c\">\n\t    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Patients with schizophrenia were more likely to experience prolonged hospital stays, and incur higher hospitalization costs. In-hospital mortality for non-elderly patients with schizophrenia was significantly worse than for those without schizophrenia: the mortality rate was 7.6% vs 3.5% and the adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 1.96 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.24\u20133.10, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0037) in young adult patients; 6.2% vs 4.0% and 1.49 (95% CI: 1.17\u20131.88, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) in middle-aged patients. Thirty-day in-hospital mortality was significantly worse in middle-aged patients: the mortality rate was 4.7% vs 3.0% and an adjusted OR was 1.40 (95% CI: 1.07\u20131.83, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.012). In-hospital mortality in elderly patients did not differ between those with and without schizophrenia. Prescriptions of beta-blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers were significantly lower in patients with schizophrenia across all age groups.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2045796023000744_sec4d\">\n\t    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Schizophrenia was identified as a risk factor for in-hospital mortality and reduced prescription of cardioprotective medications in non-elderly patients hospitalized with HF. These findings highlight the necessity for differentiated care and management of HF in patients with severe mental illnesses.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s2045796023000744","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,18]],"date-time":"2023-10-18T06:45:21Z","timestamp":1697611521000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["In-hospital mortality and cardiovascular treatment during hospitalization for heart failure among patients with schizophrenia: a nationwide cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8593-3835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masahiro","family":"Nishi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Shikuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomotsugu","family":"Seki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Go","family":"Horiguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoaki","family":"Matoba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2045796023000744_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(17)30078-0"},{"key":"S2045796023000744_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbab132"},{"key":"S2045796023000744_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2393"},{"key":"S2045796023000744_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0706743720904845"},{"key":"S2045796023000744_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2020-001286"},{"key":"S2045796023000744_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.1493"},{"key":"S2045796023000744_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.07.023"},{"key":"S2045796023000744_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.14385"},{"key":"S2045796023000744_ref17","volume-title":"R: 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