{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T04:23:15Z","timestamp":1793074995551,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,18]],"date-time":"2024-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710720000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":77,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2045796024000167_sec1a\">\n\t    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Adverse factors in the psychosocial work environment are associated with the onset of depression among those without a personal history of depression. However, the evidence is sparse regarding whether adverse work factors can also play a role in depression recurrence. This study aimed to prospectively examine whether factors in the psychosocial work environment are associated with first-time and recurrent treatment for depression.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2045796024000167_sec2b\">\n\t    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>The study included 24,226 participants from the Danish Well-being in Hospital Employees study. We measured ten individual psychosocial work factors and three theoretical constructs (effort\u2013reward imbalance, job strain and workplace social capital). We ascertained treatment for depression through registrations of hospital contacts for depression (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems version 10 [ICD-10]: F32 and F33) and redeemed prescriptions of antidepressant medication (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical [ATC]: N06A) in Danish national registries. We estimated the associations between work factors and treatment for depression for up to 2 years after baseline among those without (first-time treatment) and with (recurrent treatment) a personal history of treatment for depression before baseline. We excluded participants registered with treatment within 6 months before baseline. In supplementary analyses, we extended this washout period to up to 2 years. We applied logistic regression analyses with adjustment for confounding.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2045796024000167_sec3c\">\n\t    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Among 21,156 (87%) participants without a history of treatment for depression, 350 (1.7%) had first-time treatment during follow-up. Among the 3070 (13%) participants with treatment history, 353 (11%) had recurrent treatment during follow-up. Those with a history of depression generally reported a more adverse work environment than those without such a history. Baseline exposure to bullying (odds ratio [OR] = 1.72, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.30\u20132.32), and to some extent also low influence on work schedule (OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 0.97\u20131.66) and job strain (OR = 1.24, 95% CI: 0.97\u20131.57), was associated with first-time treatment for depression during follow-up. Baseline exposure to bullying (OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.04\u20131.88), lack of collaboration (OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.03\u20131.67) and low job control (OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.00\u20131.62) were associated with recurrent treatment for depression during follow-up. However, most work factors were not associated with treatment for depression. Using a 2-year washout period resulted in similar or stronger associations.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2045796024000167_sec4d\">\n\t    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Depression constitutes a substantial morbidity burden in the working-age population. Specific adverse working conditions were associated with first-time and recurrent treatment for depression and improving these may contribute to reducing the onset and recurrence of depression.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s2045796024000167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,18]],"date-time":"2024-03-18T07:51:22Z","timestamp":1710748282000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Associations between psychosocial work environment factors and first-time and recurrent treatment for depression: a prospective cohort study of 24,226 employees"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7391-7296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Mathisen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.-L.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I. E. H.","family":"Madsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1884-3703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. H.","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. K.","family":"S\u00f8rensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Rugulies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. H.","family":"Rod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2045796024000167_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-014-0939-4","article-title":"Risk factors of recurrent sickness absence due to depression: A two-year cohort study among Japanese employees","volume":"88","author":"Endo","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health"},{"key":"S2045796024000167_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.3632","article-title":"Effort\u2013reward imbalance at work and risk of depressive disorders. A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies","volume":"43","author":"Rugulies","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health"},{"key":"S2045796024000167_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)30263-2","article-title":"Why is depression more common among women than among men?","volume":"4","author":"Kuehner","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"S2045796024000167_ref36","unstructured":"WHO (2022) WHO guidelines on mental health at work. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/rest\/bitstreams\/1469640\/retrieve (accessed 18 April 2023 )."},{"key":"S2045796024000167_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1201\/9780429462528-6","volume-title":"Bullying and Harassment in the Workplace: Theory, Research and Practice","author":"Mikkelsen","year":"2020"},{"key":"S2045796024000167_ref26","first-page":"798","article-title":"Data resource profile: The Danish National Prescription Registry","volume":"46","author":"Potteg\u00e5rd","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"S2045796024000167_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13555","article-title":"Agreement between survey\u2010 and register\u2010based measures of depression in Denmark","volume":"147","author":"Weye","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica 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