{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T20:05:10Z","timestamp":1787169910767,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]],"date-time":"2024-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731024000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":312,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2045796024000659_sec1a\">\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The associations of prior homelessness with current health are unknown. Using nationally representative data collected in private households in England, this study aimed to examine Common Mental Disorders (CMDs), physical health, alcohol\/substance dependence, and multimorbidities in people who formerly experienced homelessness compared to people who never experienced homelessness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2045796024000659_sec2b\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-sectional study utilised data from the 2007 and 2014 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Surveys. Former homelessness and current physical health problems were self-reported. Current CMDs, alcohol dependence and substance dependence were ascertained using structured validated scales. Survey-weighted logistic regression was used to compare multimorbidities (conditions in combination) for participants who formerly experienced homelessness with those who had never experienced homelessness, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, smoking status and adverse experiences. Population attributable fractions (PAFs) were calculated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2045796024000659_sec3c\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 13,859 people in the sample, 535 formerly experienced homelessness (3.6%, 95% CI 3.2\u20134.0). 44.8% of people who formerly experienced homelessness had CMDs (95% CI 40.2\u201349.5), compared to 15.0% (95% CI 14.3\u201315.7) for those who had never experienced homelessness. There were substantial associations between prior homelessness and physical multimorbidity (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.98, 95% CI 1.53\u20132.57), CMD\u2013physical multimorbidity (aOR 3.43, 95% CI 2.77\u20134.25), CMD\u2013alcohol\/substance multimorbidity (aOR 3.53, 95% CI 2.49\u20135.01) and trimorbidity (CMD\u2013alcohol\/substance\u2013physical multimorbidity) (aOR 3.26, 95% CI 2.20\u20134.83), in models adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and smoking. After further adjustment for adverse experiences, associations attenuated but persisted for physical multimorbidity (aOR 1.40, 95% CI 1.10\u20131.79) and CMD\u2013physical multimorbidity (aOR 1.55, 95% CI 1.20\u20132.00). The largest PAFs were observed for CMD\u2013alcohol\/substance multimorbidity (17%) and trimorbidity (16%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2045796024000659_sec4d\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Even in people currently rehoused, marked inequities across multimorbidities remained evident, highlighting the need for longer-term integrated support for people who have previously experienced homelessness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s2045796024000659","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]],"date-time":"2024-11-08T05:14:01Z","timestamp":1731042841000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The public health significance of prior homelessness: findings on multimorbidity and mental health from a nationally representative survey"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9661-5098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N.","family":"Chilman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1201-527X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P.","family":"Schofield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"McManus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Ronaldson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Stagg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Das-Munshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2045796024000659_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/cky098"},{"key":"S2045796024000659_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1993.tb02093.x"},{"key":"S2045796024000659_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/jrsm.2010.10k028"},{"key":"S2045796024000659_ref21","article-title":"Peer reviewed: What does the population attributable fraction mean?","volume":"4","author":"Levine","year":"2007","journal-title":"Preventing Chronic Disease"},{"key":"S2045796024000659_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)93068-K"},{"key":"S2045796024000659_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.2010.0926"},{"key":"S2045796024000659_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp19X704609"},{"key":"S2045796024000659_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02673037.2017.1344957"},{"key":"S2045796024000659_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62518-0"},{"key":"S2045796024000659_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2022.0100"},{"key":"S2045796024000659_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.107.036707"},{"key":"S2045796024000659_ref6","unstructured":"Bramley, G , Fitzpatrick, S , Edwards, J , Ford, D , Johnsen, S , Sosenko, F and Watkins, D 2015. 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WHO housing and health guidelines."},{"key":"S2045796024000659_ref27","volume-title":"Mental health and wellbeing in England: Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey 2014","author":"McManus","year":"2016"},{"key":"S2045796024000659_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003750"},{"key":"S2045796024000659_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3399\/BJGPO.2021.0050"},{"key":"S2045796024000659_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-019-4620-1"},{"key":"S2045796024000659_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0042098012452329"},{"key":"S2045796024000659_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2014.302330"},{"key":"S2045796024000659_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2019.12.017"},{"key":"S2045796024000659_ref28","unstructured":"Nice 2022. 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