{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T02:05:32Z","timestamp":1785290732006,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744243200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":99,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2045796025000174_sec1a\">\n\t    <jats:title\/>\n\t    <jats:p><jats:bold>Aims<\/jats:bold>. Parental postpartum depressive symptoms have been extensively studied, but the combined longitudinal depression trajectories of parents and their long-term development beyond the postpartum period remain largely underexplored. We identified dyadic longitudinal depressive symptom trajectories in new parents, followed over an 11-year period, and compared parental characteristics, as well as child temperament and mental health factors, across different parental trajectory classes.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2045796025000174_sec2b\">\n\t    <jats:title\/>\n\t    <jats:p><jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>. A prenatal cohort of 5,518 couples was studied. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale at eight time points: in the prenatal stage, in the newborn stage, and at 6 months, 18 months, 3 years, 5 years, 7 years and 11 years after the birth of the child.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2045796025000174_sec3c\">\n\t    <jats:title\/>\n\t    <jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>. Dyadic Latent Class Growth Modelling identified five classes of couples: (1) mother has elevated depressive symptoms, father is non-depressed (24%); (2) both mother and father have elevated depressive symptoms (20%); (3) both mother and father are constantly non-depressed (42%); (4) both mother and father are constantly depressed (5%); and (5) mother is constantly depressed, father has elevated depressive symptoms (9%). Relationship maintenance (particularly being married or separated) was the most strongly associated with the classes. Socio-economic resources, emotional well-being, health, obstetric history and parental background also served as meaningful covariates. Child temperament and mental health showed weak correlations with parental trajectory classes.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2045796025000174_sec4d\">\n\t    <jats:title\/>\n\t    <jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>. Parents with postpartum depressive symptoms often experience depressive symptoms long-term. Separated parents are particularly vulnerable to adverse depressive trajectories. Our findings underscore the importance of dyadic methods in estimating unique combinations of parental depression trajectories.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s2045796025000174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T13:02:01Z","timestamp":1744290121000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Trajectories of depressive symptoms of mothers and fathers over 11 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