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Using the \u2018Not isolated or depressed\u2019 group as the reference category, membership in the highest-risk trajectory (\u2018Chronically isolated and depressed\u2019) was associated with a 41.5% higher risk of CIND, whereas the \u2018Moderately isolated\u2019 and \u2018Moderately depressed\u2019 groups did not differ significantly from the reference group. Black non-Hispanic participants and those with documented childhood maltreatment histories had 32.8% and 21.2% higher risk of CIND, respectively, and each additional year of education was associated with a 4.9% reduction in CIND risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S204579602610081X_sec4d\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sustained co-occurring social isolation and depression from early to mid-adulthood predicted increased risk of CIND independent of established risk factors, highlighting prolonged social and emotional difficulties as modifiable targets for late midlife cognitive health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s204579602610081x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T06:30:36Z","timestamp":1784701836000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Childhood maltreatment and joint 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