{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T04:57:50Z","timestamp":1790657870976,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,7]],"date-time":"2013-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1370563200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":157,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Span. J. Psychol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of bullying in its various forms from the perspective of all of the individuals involved (victims, bullies, and witnesses) and to explore its distribution as a function of gender. The study had a correlational design and used a representative sample of 1500 Spanish students attending compulsory secondary education in the academic year 2007\u20132008. It applied an instrument measuring different types of bullying, taken from the studies conducted by D\u00edaz-Aguado, Mart\u00ednez, and Mart\u00edn (2004) and the <jats:italic>Defensor del Pueblo<\/jats:italic> (Spanish Ombudsman\u2019s Office)-UNICEF (2007). The findings reveal that all the types of bullying considered take place at school and that there is an inverse relationship between the severity and the prevalence of bullying behaviors, with verbal abuse proving to be the most common type of abusive behavior. Boys are involved in all kinds of bullying incidents as bullies significantly more often than girls are, except in cases involving \u2018talking about someone behind their back\u2019; in these situations, girls are involved significantly more often as bullies than boys are. As for victimization, boys are victims of direct physical abuse significantly more often than girls are, while girls are more often the subject of malicious gossip.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/sjp.2013.37","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,25]],"date-time":"2013-06-25T13:37:13Z","timestamp":1372167433000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Bullying in Spanish Secondary Schools: Gender-Based Differences"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Mar\u00eda Victoria","family":"Carrera Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Lameiras","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yolanda Rodr\u00edguez","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda","family":"Failde Garrido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Calado","family":"Otero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1138741613000371_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.90004"},{"key":"S1138741613000371_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-3588.2004.00089.x"},{"key":"S1138741613000371_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.38.5.635"},{"key":"S1138741613000371_ref1","first-page":"174","volume-title":"The Nature of School Bullying. A cross-national perspective","author":"Almeida","year":"1999"},{"key":"S1138741613000371_ref36","first-page":"68","volume-title":"The nature of school bullying. A cross-national perspective","author":"Smith","year":"1999"},{"key":"S1138741613000371_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1097184X05282070"},{"key":"S1138741613000371_ref31","first-page":"157","volume-title":"The nature of school bullying: A cross-national perspective","author":"Ortega","year":"1999"},{"key":"S1138741613000371_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/00028312038002351"},{"key":"S1138741613000371_ref18","volume-title":"Las relaciones de convivencia y conflicto escolar en los centros educativos aragoneses de ense\u00f1anza no universitaria [Coexistence and conflict in non-university schools of the region of Aragon]","author":"G\u00f3mez-Bah\u00edllo","year":"2006"},{"key":"S1138741613000371_ref21","first-page":"205","volume-title":"All about the girl: Culture power and identity","author":"Kehily","year":"2004"},{"key":"S1138741613000371_ref10","volume-title":"Violencia escolar. El maltrato entre iguales en la Educaci\u00f3n Secundaria Obligatoria. [School violence. Bullying in compulsory secondary education]","year":"2000"},{"key":"S1138741613000371_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:SERS.0000023072.53886.86"},{"key":"S1138741613000371_ref3","first-page":"56","volume-title":"The nature of school bullying. A cross-national perspective","author":"Bj\u00f6rkqvist","year":"1999"},{"key":"S1138741613000371_ref14","volume-title":"Del acoso escolar a la cooperaci\u00f3n en las aulas [From bullying to cooperation in the classroom]","author":"D\u00edaz-Aguado","year":"2006"},{"key":"S1138741613000371_ref13","first-page":"549","article-title":"La violencia entre iguales en la adolescencia y su prevenci\u00f3n desde la escuela [Bullying in adolescence and its prevention at school]","volume":"17","author":"D\u00edaz-Aguado","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psicothema"},{"key":"S1138741613000371_ref12","first-page":"657","article-title":"Bullying and social exclusion in Spanish secondary schools: National trends from 1999 to 2006","volume":"8","author":"Del Barrio","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology"},{"key":"S1138741613000371_ref9","volume-title":"Encuesta a representantes de la comunidad educativa sobre el estado de la convivencia en los centros educativos [Survey of representatives of the school community on school coexistence]","author":"Consejo Escolar","year":"2006"},{"key":"S1138741613000371_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0013188930350101"},{"key":"S1138741613000371_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11199-006-9015-1"},{"key":"S1138741613000371_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2005.00833.x"},{"key":"S1138741613000371_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-1789(98)00029-9"},{"key":"S1138741613000371_ref34","first-page":"147","volume-title":"Peer harassment in school: The plight of the vulnerable and victimized","author":"Schwartz","year":"2001"},{"key":"S1138741613000371_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3989\/isegoria.1992.i6.326"},{"key":"S1138741613000371_ref5","volume-title":"Gender trouble: Feminism and the subversion of identity","author":"Butler","year":"1990"},{"key":"S1138741613000371_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0891243205278639"},{"key":"S1138741613000371_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-011-9171-x"},{"key":"S1138741613000371_ref29","first-page":"7","volume-title":"The nature of school bullying. A cross-national perspective","author":"Olweus","year":"1999"},{"key":"S1138741613000371_ref6","first-page":"112","volume-title":"The Nature of School Bullying. A cross-national perspective","author":"Byrne","year":"1999"},{"key":"S1138741613000371_ref25","volume-title":"Estudio epidemiol\u00f3gico del bullying en la Comunitat Valenciana [Epidemiological study of bullying in the region of Valencia]","author":"Mart\u00edn","year":"2006"},{"key":"S1138741613000371_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.10047"},{"key":"S1138741613000371_ref35","volume-title":"Violencia entre compa\u00f1eros en la escuela [Violence among schoolmates]","author":"Serrano","year":"2005"},{"key":"S1138741613000371_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00629"},{"key":"S1138741613000371_ref26","first-page":"33","article-title":"A feminist reframing of bullying and harassment: Transforming schools through critical pedagogy","volume":"43","author":"Meyer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Revue des Sciences Del\u2019education de McGill"},{"key":"S1138741613000371_ref41","first-page":"45","volume-title":"Bullying in schools","author":"Stephenson","year":"1988"},{"key":"S1138741613000371_ref23","first-page":"224","volume-title":"The nature of school bullying. A cross-national perspective","author":"L\u00f6sel","year":"1999"},{"key":"S1138741613000371_ref11","volume-title":"El maltrato entre iguales en la Educaci\u00f3n Secundaria Obligatoria 1999-2006 [Bullying in compulsory secondary education 1999-2006]","year":"2007"},{"key":"S1138741613000371_ref2","volume-title":"Convivencia y conflictos en los centros educativos [Coexistence and conflict in schools]","year":"2006"},{"key":"S1138741613000371_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2337(1999)25:2<97::AID-AB3>3.0.CO;2-7"},{"key":"S1138741613000371_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/000709906X105689"},{"key":"S1138741613000371_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14681810802639863"},{"key":"S1138741613000371_ref28","volume-title":"Bullying at school: What we know and what we can do","author":"Olweus","year":"1993"},{"key":"S1138741613000371_ref30","first-page":"95","article-title":"Violencia entre escolares. Conceptos y etiquetas verbales que definen el fen\u00f3meno del maltrato entre iguales. [Bullying at school. Concepts and verbal labels that define the bullying phenomenon]","volume":"41","author":"Ortega","year":"2001","journal-title":"Revista Interuniversitaria de Formaci\u00f3n del Profesorado"},{"key":"S1138741613000371_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01425690802263668"},{"key":"S1138741613000371_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2337(2000)26:1<1::AID-AB1>3.0.CO;2-7"},{"key":"S1138741613000371_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/000712601162419"},{"key":"S1138741613000371_ref15","volume-title":"La violencia entre iguales en la escuela y en el ocio. Estudios comparativos e instrumentos de evaluaci\u00f3n [Bullying at school and in leisure time. Comparative studies and instruments for assessment]","author":"D\u00edaz-Aguado","year":"2004"},{"key":"S1138741613000371_ref27","volume-title":"Estudio estatal sobre la convivencia escolar en la educaci\u00f3n secundaria obligatoria [National study of school coexistence in compulsory secondary education]","year":"2010"},{"key":"S1138741613000371_ref45","first-page":"35","volume-title":"Bullying and International Perspective","author":"Vieira","year":"1989"}],"container-title":["The Spanish Journal of Psychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1138741613000371","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,8]],"date-time":"2019-06-08T08:49:44Z","timestamp":1559983784000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1138741613000371\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["S1138741613000371"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/sjp.2013.37","relation":{},"ISSN":["1138-7416","1988-2904"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1138-7416","type":"print"},{"value":"1988-2904","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"article-number":"E21"}}