{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T11:54:05Z","timestamp":1790596445262,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]],"date-time":"2024-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707091200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":35,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Span. J. Psychol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:p>Few studies have examined the psychometric properties of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) in a large adolescent community sample, finding a significant disparity. This study explores the psychometric properties of the CD-RISC among Spanish adolescents by means of exploratory factor analysis (EFA), Rasch analysis, and measurement invariance (MI) across sex, as well as internal consistency and criterion validity. The sample was comprised of 463 adolescents (231 girls), aged 12 to 18 years, who completed the CD-RISC and other measures on emotional status and quality of life. The EFA suggested that the CD-RISC structure presented a unidimensional model. Consequently, shorter unidimensional CD-RISC models observed in the literature were explored. Thus, the Campbell-Sills and Stein CD\u2013RISC\u201310 showed the soundest psychometric properties, providing an adequate item fit and supporting MI and non-differential item functioning across sex. Item difficulty levels were biased toward low levels of resilience. Some items showed malfunctioning in lower response categories. With regard to reliability, categorical omega was. 82. Strong associations with health-related quality of life, major depressive disorder symptoms, and emotional symptoms were observed. A weak association was found between resilience and the male sex. Campbell-Sills and Stein\u2019s CD\u2013RISC\u201310 model emerges as the best to assess resilience among Spanish adolescents, as already reported in adults. Thus, independently of the developmental stage, the core of resilience may reside in the aspects of hardiness and persistence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/sjp.2024.3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]],"date-time":"2024-02-05T07:18:04Z","timestamp":1707117484000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Psychometric Properties of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) in Spanish Adolescents"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8991-595X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco Javier","family":"L\u00f3pez-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5434-7163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Morales-Hidalgo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6209-9558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josefa","family":"Canals","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4284-6744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Marzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0446-6740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis Joaqu\u00edn","family":"Garc\u00eda-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3604-5441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Antonio","family":"Piqueras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1138741624000039_r19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1027\/1016-9040\/a000124","article-title":"Psychological resilience: A review and critique of defnitions, concepts and theory","volume":"18","author":"Fletcher","year":"2013","journal-title":"European Psychologist"},{"key":"S1138741624000039_r42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.1.2.130","article-title":"Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling","volume":"1","author":"MacCallum","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychological Methods"},{"key":"S1138741624000039_r6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2009.11.026","article-title":"The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC): Testing the invariance of a uni-dimensional resilience measure that is independent of positive and negative affect","volume":"48","author":"Burns","year":"2010","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"key":"S1138741624000039_r18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2649","article-title":"Psychobiology and molecular genetics of resilience","volume":"10","author":"Feder","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"key":"S1138741624000039_r54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.5944\/rppc.vol.15.num.3.2010.4095","article-title":"Development of a 30-Item version of the revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale","volume":"15","author":"Sand\u00edn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Revista de Psicopatolog\u00eda y Psicolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica"},{"key":"S1138741624000039_r35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2012.12.014","article-title":"Rasch-based scoring offered more precision in differentiating patient groups in measuring upper limb function","volume":"66","author":"Khan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"key":"S1138741624000039_r14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1097\/00004850-200501000-00009","article-title":"Trauma, resilience and saliostasis: Effects of treatment in post-traumatic stress disorder","volume":"20","author":"Davidson","year":"2005","journal-title":"International Clinical Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"S1138741624000039_r30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.32614\/RJ-2020-014","article-title":"difNLR: Generalized logistic regression models for DIF and DDF Detection","volume":"12","author":"Hladk\u00e1","year":"2020","journal-title":"The R Journal"},{"key":"S1138741624000039_r56","unstructured":"Seol, H. 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